【摘要】：在我國農(nóng)村,作物秸稈曾經(jīng)是一種重要的生產(chǎn)和生活資料。農(nóng)民會將大部分秸稈從田地中收集堆放,以備它用。隨著我國農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和能源結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,秸稈的原有用途在不斷弱化,農(nóng)民對秸稈的處置方式也在發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變,傾向于簡單焚燒。大規(guī)模的農(nóng)村露天焚燒秸稈行為嚴(yán)重超出了環(huán)境的承載能力。當(dāng)前,我國正處于轉(zhuǎn)型期,環(huán)境問題頻發(fā),人們的環(huán)境意識不斷增強,對環(huán)境質(zhì)量的要求越來越高。因此,農(nóng)村露天焚燒秸稈的行為引起很多社會爭議。早在1999年國家就出臺了相關(guān)規(guī)定對農(nóng)村露天焚燒秸稈的行為進行治理,但收效甚微。夏收、秋收季節(jié),焚燒秸稈的行為仍會頻頻發(fā)生,甚至呈現(xiàn)越禁越燒的勢頭。本文從環(huán)境正義的基本訴求出發(fā),承認(rèn)環(huán)境利益的共享和環(huán)境責(zé)任的共擔(dān)。以此為視角,對農(nóng)村露天焚燒秸稈行為的實質(zhì)以及其原因進行探究。屢禁不止的農(nóng)村露天焚燒秸稈行為折射出了許多社會現(xiàn)實問題,也暴露出在目前治理秸稈焚燒行為過程中的諸多弊端。焚燒秸稈行為的實施主體是農(nóng)民,但并非農(nóng)民所愿,是農(nóng)民迫于無奈而做出的基于自身利益最大化的現(xiàn)實選擇。環(huán)境正義的實質(zhì)是社會正義,這也決定了發(fā)生在環(huán)境領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的農(nóng)民露天焚燒秸稈行為的解決終歸要回歸到社會范疇中去解決。僅僅依靠“禁”并不能杜絕農(nóng)民露天焚燒秸稈的行為,我們需要認(rèn)真反思“堵”與“疏”的關(guān)系。我們要積極挖掘秸稈資源方面的潛在價值,為秸稈尋找綜合利用的途徑。一方面,要分析現(xiàn)有秸稈利用技術(shù)手段和裝備的使用狀況,構(gòu)建秸稈的技術(shù)治理支撐體系。另一方面,要積極構(gòu)建秸稈處理的資金補貼機制、秸稈處理市場服務(wù)機制、秸稈處理應(yīng)用宣傳和技術(shù)培訓(xùn)機制以及法律保障體系,加強社會倫理治理,實現(xiàn)社會正義。利用社會倫理治理與技術(shù)治理相結(jié)合的模式來解決秸稈過剩的現(xiàn)實問題,將秸稈轉(zhuǎn)化為農(nóng)民能夠看得見的經(jīng)濟效益。如此以來,通過社會正義、技術(shù)正義來實現(xiàn)環(huán)境正義,農(nóng)民露天焚燒秸稈的行為才能得到根治。將秸稈資源融入到農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟的循環(huán)利用中,避免資源浪費,從而實現(xiàn)環(huán)境效益、經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益的有機統(tǒng)一,對于我國快速實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化以及生態(tài)化的目標(biāo)來講意義重大。
[Abstract]:In rural China, crop straw was once an important means of production and livelihood. Farmers collect most of the straw from their fields for their use. With the development of rural economy and the change of energy structure, the original use of straw is weakening, and the disposal mode of straw is changing, which tends to burn simply. Large-scale open-air burning of straw in rural areas seriously exceeds the carrying capacity of the environment. At present, our country is in the transition period, environmental problems occur frequently, people's environmental consciousness is increasing, and the requirement of environmental quality is higher and higher. Therefore, the open burning of straw in rural areas caused a lot of social controversy. As early as 1999, the state issued relevant regulations to control the open burning of straw in rural areas, but with little effect. Summer harvest, autumn harvest, the behavior of burning straw will occur frequently, and even show the trend of burning more and more. Based on the basic demands of environmental justice, this paper acknowledges the sharing of environmental benefits and the sharing of environmental responsibilities. From this perspective, the essence and causes of open-air burning of straw in rural areas are explored. Repeated prohibition of open burning of straw in rural areas reflects a lot of social reality problems, but also exposed in the current process of straw burning many drawbacks. The main body of straw burning is farmers, but it is not farmers' wish, but it is a realistic choice based on their own interests maximization made by farmers forced by helplessness. The essence of environmental justice is social justice, which also determines that the solution of farmers' open burning of straw in the field of environment should be returned to the social category. Simply relying on "ban" can not stop farmers from burning straw in open air. We need to reflect on the relationship between "blocking" and "sparse" seriously. We should actively excavate the potential value of straw resources and find a way of comprehensive utilization of straw. On the one hand, it is necessary to analyze the technical means and equipment of straw utilization and construct the technical management support system of straw. On the other hand, we should actively construct the fund subsidy mechanism of straw treatment, the market service mechanism of straw treatment, the mechanism of straw processing application propaganda and technical training and the legal guarantee system, strengthen the social ethical governance and realize social justice. The model of combining social ethical governance with technical governance is used to solve the practical problem of straw surplus, and the straw can be transformed into economic benefits that farmers can see. Since then, environmental justice can be achieved through social justice and technical justice, and farmers' behavior of burning straw in the open air can be cured. The straw resources are integrated into the recycling of agricultural economy to avoid the waste of resources, so as to realize the organic unification of environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit. It is of great significance for our country to realize the goal of agricultural modernization and ecology quickly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B82-052

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