本文關(guān)鍵詞： 公平效率 幸福尊嚴 人權(quán) 責(zé)任 和諧社會 生態(tài)文明　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：胡錦濤的時代是中國多層面的系統(tǒng)性問題集中凸顯乃至爆發(fā)的時代。在這樣的時代里,面對一系列經(jīng)濟社會高速發(fā)展累積下來的高風(fēng)險性難題,胡錦濤領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的中國卻平穩(wěn)地實現(xiàn)了自身的轉(zhuǎn)型,使中國在保持自身經(jīng)濟社會的平穩(wěn)高速發(fā)展的同時以一種世人服膺的大國風(fēng)范融入國際社會。論文以為,中國社會的這種平穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)型,與胡錦濤堅持以人為本,提出科學(xué)發(fā)展觀,“八榮八恥”,大力倡導(dǎo)社會主義的核心價值觀,及執(zhí)政風(fēng)格具有鮮明的倫理特質(zhì)密切相關(guān)。為此,論文通過對胡錦濤經(jīng)濟倫理、政治倫理、社會倫理與生態(tài)倫理的考察來展示胡錦濤執(zhí)政思想的這種倫理特質(zhì)。 如何處理效率與公平的關(guān)系問題是胡錦濤經(jīng)濟倫理領(lǐng)域最為核心的內(nèi)容。在對這個問題的處理上,胡錦濤注重市場主導(dǎo)效率與政府主導(dǎo)公平相結(jié)合,通過加大公平的砝碼來改變國民經(jīng)濟增量分配嚴重不公的狀況,以此解決中國經(jīng)濟高速發(fā)展累積下來的問題；通過歸還基本的社會公平來實現(xiàn)社會關(guān)系的有效整合,借助于社會各種力量的良性互動來尋求效率與公平的動態(tài)平衡。胡錦濤對效率與公平問題的這種處理方式,實際上體現(xiàn)了他對中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展終極目標(biāo)的思考,即面對巨大的經(jīng)濟社會變遷應(yīng)當(dāng)如何評價、如何引導(dǎo)其走向?胡錦濤對此的回答是讓民眾有尊嚴地活著、過一種幸福的體面生活。而幸福與尊嚴問題在中國出現(xiàn)于經(jīng)濟貧富落差的特殊境遇之下,為此,胡錦濤以不讓民眾因經(jīng)濟貧困而喪失尊嚴為核心來解決中國民眾的幸福與尊嚴問題。但真正說來,這種貧困即導(dǎo)致尊嚴缺失的貧困并不是一種僅僅根源于對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展成果的非均衡性分享的物質(zhì)性貧困,而更多的是一種權(quán)利與精神的貧困,是經(jīng)濟話語權(quán)與精神家園缺失的貧困。因此,對中國民眾而言,實現(xiàn)一種更有尊嚴的、更幸福的體面生活,最根本的或許還應(yīng)當(dāng)在于獲得一種平等的經(jīng)濟話語權(quán)。然而,在中國特殊的國情之下,經(jīng)濟話語權(quán)與政治話語權(quán)密不可分,甚至可以說政治話語權(quán)是經(jīng)濟話語權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)。為此,胡錦濤在政治領(lǐng)域主要致力于對人的基本權(quán)利的肯定以及為民眾基本權(quán)利的實現(xiàn)提供制度性保障。胡錦濤在這方面的努力集中體現(xiàn)為使人權(quán)在中國從政治問題向法律問題轉(zhuǎn)向以及從法律權(quán)利向道德權(quán)利回歸,并致力于對行政腐敗問題的治理,力圖為民眾能夠幸福而尊嚴地生活提供制度層面的權(quán)利保障。 如果說胡錦濤對公平與效率問題的處理、將人權(quán)從政治問題向道德權(quán)利的回歸以及對行政腐敗的治理,更多地是從政府的角度為民眾的幸福尊嚴生活提供經(jīng)濟層面與政治層面的制度性環(huán)境,那么,社會責(zé)任問題與和諧社會的構(gòu)建則是胡錦濤力圖在國民經(jīng)濟高速發(fā)展的貧富分化境遇之下為民眾對幸福尊嚴生活的穩(wěn)定性期待創(chuàng)造一種平穩(wěn)安樂的社會環(huán)境。在這方而,如何在以經(jīng)濟指標(biāo)建設(shè)小康社會、使國民經(jīng)濟生活普遍達至殷實狀態(tài)的同時實現(xiàn)全體國民基于利益均衡之上的和諧安樂,是胡錦濤思考的核心問題。對于這個問題,胡錦濤致力于構(gòu)建責(zé)任型政府敦促政府在社會領(lǐng)域的政治責(zé)任、強化企業(yè)責(zé)任意識詮釋財富的社會責(zé)任、加強公民職業(yè)道德教育與社會公德建設(shè),把和諧社會的構(gòu)想提升為中國社會發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略性目標(biāo),以“和諧”的理念設(shè)定了中國特色社會主義發(fā)展的價值取向,以“和諧勞動關(guān)系”與“和諧人倫關(guān)系”規(guī)定了中國社會不同群體、不同個體之間關(guān)系的基調(diào)。與此同時,胡錦濤圍繞著經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與資源環(huán)境、人與自然的和諧問題,在從經(jīng)濟、政治、社會層面為民眾的幸福尊嚴生活提供現(xiàn)實保障的同時,以經(jīng)濟高速發(fā)展進程中的生存權(quán)與發(fā)展權(quán)為內(nèi)核構(gòu)建起一種新型的生態(tài)文明,為民眾幸福尊嚴生活的可持續(xù)性提供一個可預(yù)期的穩(wěn)定性期待。 胡錦濤經(jīng)濟倫理、政治倫理、社會倫理與生態(tài)倫理的關(guān)切點始終在于人自身的福祉與社會的公平正義�？梢哉f,以實現(xiàn)社會的公平正義與民眾的幸福尊嚴為標(biāo)尺來處理中國經(jīng)濟社會高速發(fā)展的累積性問題是胡錦濤執(zhí)政倫理的最根本特質(zhì)。這種倫理特質(zhì)是中國政治倫理一體化的儒學(xué)傳統(tǒng)在全球經(jīng)濟一體化的歷史境遇中更生自新的驚人努力,正是這種努力使得胡錦濤領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的中國能夠以一種走向國際化、世界化的包容性姿態(tài)與一種普遍性的道德原則謀求自身的平穩(wěn)發(fā)展、促進人類社會的和平進程,以一種和諧世界的理念向國際社會展示了中國渴望永久和平的真誠姿態(tài)。
[Abstract]:The Hu Jintao era is a systemic problem Chinese level and focus on highlighting the outbreak of the era. In this era, facing the high risk of a series of problems of economic and social development accumulated, under the leadership of Hu Jintao Chinese but smoothly realize the transformation of their own, so that Chinese in maintaining their own economic and social steady and rapid development at the same time in a world subject country into the international community. The thought that this Chinese smooth transition of the society, and Hu Jintao proposed to adhere to the people-oriented, Scientific Outlook on Development, "Eight Honors and Eight Disgraces", vigorously advocated socialist core values, and the ruling style with distinctive characteristics of ethics are closely related. Therefore, based on the Hu Jintao's economic ethics, political ethics, social ethics and ecological ethics study to show the ethical qualities of Hu Jintao ruling thought.
How to deal with the relationship between efficiency and fairness is the core of Hu Jintao's economic ethics field. In the treatment of the problem, Hu Jintao pays attention to market efficiency and fair government combined by increasing the fair weights to change the increment distribution of national economy serious unfair condition, in order to solve the Chinese accumulated rapid economic development the problem of social justice; through the return to the basic realization of the effective integration of social relations, the benign interaction with various social forces to seek a dynamic balance between efficiency and fairness. The Hu Jintao efficiency and fair dealing with the problem, actually reflects the ultimate goal of the development of his thinking Chinese economy, is facing huge economic how should the social change evaluation, how to guide them to Hu Jintao? The answer is to allow people to live with dignity, have a kind of happiness A decent life. Under special circumstances, and happiness and dignity problems appeared in the economic gap between rich and poor in Chinese for Hu Jintao to keep people due to economic poverty and loss of dignity as the key to solve the problem of people's happiness and dignity China. But actually, this is caused by the lack of dignity of poverty poverty is not a only in non equilibrium of root share the fruits of economic development of the material poverty, but more is a kind of rights and spiritual poverty, economic discourse and spiritual home of the lack of poverty. Therefore, the China people, to achieve a more dignified, more happy the most fundamental perhaps a decent life, it should also be to get an equal economic discourse. However, Chinese under special conditions, economic discourse and political discourse are inseparable, and even can be said that the political discourse is the economic discourse power base The foundation. Therefore, Hu Jintao in the political field mainly focuses on the basic rights of the people and for the people of certain basic rights provides institutional guarantee. Hu Jintao's efforts in this area is mainly reflected in the Chinese to make human rights from political to legal issues and legal right to return from the moral rights, and is committed to the governance of the problem of administrative corruption, happiness and dignity of life to provide protection for the public rights system.
Hu Jintao said that if the treatment of the problem of fairness and efficiency, human rights will return from political issues to moral rights and governance of administrative corruption, is more from the perspective of the government for the people's happiness and dignity in life to provide institutional environment, economic level and political level, the construction of social responsibility and harmonious society is Hu Jintao tried to create a stable and peaceful social environment under the rapid development of the national economy situation for people on the polarization between the rich and the poor stability of happiness dignity of life. In this aspect, how in the economic indicators of the construction of well-off society, the national economy and life in general to achieve the national solid state based on the balance of interests. The peace and harmony, is the core of Hu Jintao's thinking. For this problem, Hu Jintao is committed to the construction of the responsible government urged the government in the social field of politics Governance responsibility, strengthening corporate responsibility consciousness interpretation wealth social responsibility, strengthening occupation moral education and citizen morality construction, to promote the concept of constructing a harmonious society is the strategic goal to China social development. The idea of "harmonious" set the value orientation of the development of socialist Chinese characteristics, with "harmonious labor relations" and "harmonious human relations" the provisions of the China different social groups, the relationship between different individuals of the tone. At the same time, Hu Jintao on economic development and resource environment, harmony between man and nature, in the governance of politics from economy, society, level to provide practical protection of people's life happiness and dignity and rights to survival and development process with rapid economic development the kernel to construct a new ecological civilization, sustainable people happiness and dignity in life to provide a stability can be expected.
Hu Jintao's economic ethics, political ethics, social ethics and ecological ethics concerns the well-being and social justice is always one's own. It can be said that the justice and the people to achieve social happiness dignity as the yardstick to processing accumulated problems in high-speed development of Chinese economic society is the most fundamental characteristics of Hu Jintao's Ruling Ethics. This is amazing to China ethical qualities of political ethics of Confucianism in the traditional rehabilitation integration in the global economic integration in the new historical circumstances, it is the efforts made under the leadership of Hu Jintao Chinese in a move toward internationalization, the moral principles of the world inclusive attitude and a universal pursuit of steady development of its own, to promote human society the peace process in a harmonious world concept to the international community show Chinese sincere desire to perpetual peace. Attitude

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B82-092

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