本文關(guān)鍵詞：16世紀(jì)后期佛羅倫薩衰落探源，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

16世紀(jì)后期佛羅倫薩衰落探源

16世紀(jì)后期佛羅倫薩衰落探源

16世紀(jì)是世界歷史的重要轉(zhuǎn)折期,地理大發(fā)現(xiàn)和新航路的開(kāi)辟,世界逐漸聯(lián)系成一個(gè)整體。面對(duì)16世紀(jì)外部環(huán)境的巨變,曾被認(rèn)為“政治開(kāi)明、文化發(fā)達(dá)、經(jīng)濟(jì)富足”的佛羅倫薩也發(fā)生了變化：城邦政治崩潰,經(jīng)濟(jì)從停滯走向衰退,文藝復(fù)興運(yùn)動(dòng)中心地位逐步喪失,城市發(fā)展日趨衰退,漸漸淡出世界中心舞臺(tái)。作為文藝復(fù)興中心的佛羅倫薩曾充滿(mǎn)生機(jī)和活力,被眾多藝術(shù)家視為圣地,大批才‘華橫溢的藝術(shù)家在這里創(chuàng)作出傳世佳作。佛羅倫薩為什么會(huì)全面衰亡?本文試圖在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用全球史的視角,對(duì)其理由進(jìn)行多方面的考察。論文緒論部分考察國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)16世紀(jì)后期起佛羅倫薩衰退的研究近況,然后圍繞16世紀(jì)后期佛羅倫薩發(fā)生變化的導(dǎo)火索--意大利戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),淺析淺析了其對(duì)佛羅倫薩的影響。論文認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使城鎮(zhèn)鄉(xiāng)村遭到嚴(yán)重破壞,經(jīng)濟(jì)全面衰落,工商業(yè)出現(xiàn)大倒退。論文然后考察了16世紀(jì)后期佛羅倫薩城市衰退在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化上的表現(xiàn)。政治上,佛羅倫薩社會(huì)動(dòng)亂,共和制崩潰；經(jīng)濟(jì)上,銀行倒閉、毛紡織業(yè)衰落、國(guó)際貿(mào)易停滯；文化上,藝術(shù)中心地位的喪失、審美風(fēng)格轉(zhuǎn)變導(dǎo)致文藝復(fù)興終結(jié)；社會(huì)上,道德下降、奢侈成風(fēng)。這些變化是各種矛盾長(zhǎng)期積累的結(jié)果。從全球史的視角,論文最后考察了16世紀(jì)后期佛羅倫薩衰退理由。論文認(rèn)為：新航路開(kāi)辟影響了歐洲對(duì)外貿(mào)易的格局；佛羅倫薩不再位于新的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的中心；英、法民族國(guó)家興起使弱小的意大利城邦國(guó)家相形見(jiàn)絀,再加上意大利半島的動(dòng)亂和紛爭(zhēng),這些理由使佛羅倫薩的衰落不可避開(kāi)。

【Abstract】 The 16th century was an important transitional period in the history of the world when the Great Geographical Discoveries and the opening of the new sea routes connected the major parts of the world. Great changes took place in Florence then as the result of the changes of international environment. Republic politics collapsed, economy went from standstill to depression. Development in other aspects of the city life also stopped. Florence was no longer the center of Renaissance and gradually receded from the center of world history.Why did Florence decline? It should be remembered that Florence was once the capital of Renaissance regarded as holy by artists and radiating with vitality and artistic creativity. It was here that many artistic masterpieces were created.The reasons for the demise of Florence were many folded. The essay first reviews the current literature in the field and then started the exploration by examining the impact of Italian War on Florence. The war devastated the city and countryside, interrupted the economy and commerce. The damage was manifesting: republic polity disintegrated followed by political turmoil; wool industry and banking were no longer prospering resulting in the decline of international commerce; the change of artistic style marked the end of Renaissance. There was a moral degeneration and indulgence in luxury life. This was of course a result of long term evolution. The essay however tries to look at the problem from a global view, arguing that except for the frequency of war in Italian Peninsula, other reasons such as the shift of the locus of international trade routes away from Italy, the rise of powerful nation-states like France and Spain etc. contributed to the decline of Florence and the fate of Florence was doomed.

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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：16世紀(jì)后期佛羅倫薩衰落探源，，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。