發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-01 08:29

【摘要】：紡織工業(yè)是近代中國規(guī)模最大,分布最廣,發(fā)展較早的工業(yè)部門。然而以往對(duì)于紡織工業(yè)的研究多集中于東部沿海經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū),對(duì)于內(nèi)陸地區(qū)紡織工業(yè)的研究比較薄弱。本文擬對(duì)近代河南紡織工業(yè)的發(fā)展歷程進(jìn)行梳理,并從經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、社會(huì)、國際形勢、工人運(yùn)動(dòng)等方面探究造成其發(fā)展軌跡的原因。近代河南的紡織工業(yè)出現(xiàn)于20世紀(jì)初,興起于1920年左右,外由于一戰(zhàn)結(jié)束,內(nèi)由于政治動(dòng)蕩引起連鎖反應(yīng),使得近代河南的紡織工業(yè)剛剛興起即遭逢困頓,并在整個(gè)20世紀(jì)20年代經(jīng)營困難,勉力維持。1930年以后,由于國內(nèi)外形勢的好轉(zhuǎn),近代河南紡織工業(yè)逐漸恢復(fù)發(fā)展,甚至有些年份頗有利潤。然而由于自籌建時(shí)便遇到資金不足的情況,再到整個(gè)20世紀(jì)20年代的困頓,導(dǎo)致近代河南的紡織工業(yè)累積負(fù)債、虧損嚴(yán)重,設(shè)備陳舊,生產(chǎn)效率低下,積弊難返。后中國銀行有意布局以河北、河南、山西為主的中國內(nèi)陸地區(qū)的紡織工業(yè),整合中部內(nèi)陸地區(qū)的紡織工業(yè)。1933年以后,中國銀行通過各種手段或直接收購紡織工業(yè)企業(yè)的產(chǎn)權(quán),或接管河南各紡織工業(yè)企業(yè)的經(jīng)營管理權(quán),到1936年,河南各紡織工業(yè)企業(yè)基本都成為中國銀行的產(chǎn)業(yè)。此后中國銀行通過重組,改革經(jīng)營管理方式,更新設(shè)備,培訓(xùn)工人等一系列方式,為近代河南各紡織工業(yè)企業(yè)注入了新的活力,使近代河南的紡織工業(yè)走上了整合發(fā)展的道路。1937年日本發(fā)動(dòng)全面侵華戰(zhàn)爭,隨著河南的淪陷,近代河南的紡織工業(yè)或淪陷或內(nèi)遷,最終結(jié)束了艱難的歷程。從根本來說,近代工業(yè)興起和發(fā)展有兩個(gè)途徑:一是自然發(fā)展,即經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展水平達(dá)到一定程度自然而然產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展起來;二是由于本身不具備或不完全具備產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展近代工業(yè)的條件,但是有一個(gè)強(qiáng)力的政權(quán)作為外因,自上而下的推動(dòng)其產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展。很可惜,由于頑固的封建經(jīng)濟(jì)和動(dòng)蕩的政局使得近代的河南僅僅具備近代紡織工業(yè)興起的條件,而遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不具備近代紡織工業(yè)發(fā)展壯大的條件。這從根本上導(dǎo)致近代河南的紡織工業(yè)在十幾年的發(fā)展歷程中僅僅是勉強(qiáng)維持,并隨著戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā)而徹底破產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:Textile industry is the largest and most widely distributed industrial sector in modern China. However, in the past, the research on textile industry was mainly focused on the developed coastal areas in the east, but the research on the textile industry in the inland areas was relatively weak. This paper intends to sort out the development course of Henan textile industry in modern times, and to explore the causes of its development path from the aspects of economy, politics, society, international situation, labor movement and so on. The textile industry of modern Henan appeared at the beginning of the 20th century and rose around 1920. Due to the end of the first World War and the chain reaction caused by political turbulence, the textile industry of modern Henan was confronted with difficulties as soon as it rose. After 1930, due to the improvement of the situation at home and abroad, the textile industry in modern Henan gradually recovered and developed, even in some years there was considerable profit. However, due to the shortage of funds since its establishment, and the difficulties of the whole 1920s, the textile industry in modern Henan had accumulated debts, suffered serious losses, outmoded equipment, low production efficiency, and the accumulated disadvantages could not be returned. The Bank of China intended to lay out the textile industry in the inland areas of China, mainly in Hebei, Henan and Shanxi provinces, and to integrate the textile industry in the central inland areas. After 1933, the Bank of China acquired the property rights of textile industry enterprises through various means or directly. Or take over the management of Henan textile industry enterprises, by 1936, Henan textile industry enterprises have basically become the industry of Bank of China. Since then, the Bank of China has injected new vitality into modern Henan textile industrial enterprises through a series of ways, such as restructuring, reforming management, renewing equipment, training workers, and so on. Japan launched an all-out war of aggression against China in 1937. With the fall of Henan, the textile industry of modern Henan either fell or moved internally, which finally ended the difficult process. Fundamentally, there are two approaches to the rise and development of modern industry: first, natural development, that is, the level of economic and social development to a certain extent naturally arises and develops; The second reason is that it does not have or is not fully equipped to produce and develop modern industry, but there is a strong political power as an external cause to promote its emergence and development from top to bottom. Unfortunately, due to the stubborn feudal economy and turbulent political situation, modern Henan only has the conditions for the rise of modern textile industry, and far from the conditions for the development and expansion of modern textile industry. This fundamentally led to the textile industry in modern Henan in the development of more than ten years of barely maintained, and with the outbreak of war and complete bankruptcy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F429

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