【摘要】：進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以后,隨著我國經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展,我國的出口技術(shù)復(fù)雜度也得到了較大幅度的提升,出口技術(shù)復(fù)雜度自提出以后也迅速成為各國學(xué)者研究跨國、跨地區(qū)的各類經(jīng)濟社會問題的重要工具。介于對其內(nèi)涵的界定以及一些學(xué)者關(guān)于國際貿(mào)易、技術(shù)進(jìn)步影響工資差距的研究,也引發(fā)了我們對研究出口技術(shù)復(fù)雜度與我國越來越成為焦點問題的工資差距之間的關(guān)系的思考。事實上,無論是國際貿(mào)易,還是技術(shù)進(jìn)步,最終均以產(chǎn)品為載體的形式表現(xiàn)出來,而從產(chǎn)品出口技術(shù)復(fù)雜度的角度出發(fā),來考慮勞動力工資差距的問題,不僅在理論上具有可行性,也可以更好的針對特定行業(yè)采取一些精確有效的產(chǎn)業(yè)和人才措施。因此,本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,梳理了出口技術(shù)復(fù)雜度與工資差距兩個方面的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),結(jié)合Murphy的勞動力需求模型、Acemoglu模型以及SS定理對本文進(jìn)行了理論支持,并基于我國31個省級數(shù)據(jù)所測得的出口技術(shù)復(fù)雜度,使用面板回歸模型研究了其對我國制造業(yè)21個細(xì)分行業(yè)中技術(shù)工人與非技術(shù)工人之間工資差距的影響。主要的得出了以下幾個結(jié)論：第一,我國制造業(yè)出口技術(shù)復(fù)雜度無論是從整體上看,還是從細(xì)分行業(yè)上看,在2005-2013年間均處于不斷上升的狀態(tài),而其升級的途徑主要包括自主創(chuàng)新、國外技術(shù)溢出和國際外包幾個方面,本文基于Hausmann(2005)的權(quán)重測算方法,測得我國制造業(yè)出口技術(shù)復(fù)雜度在整體上的均值從2005年的15677元增長到了2013年的46224元,說明我國出口產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)含量在這些年間有了較大幅度的提高。第二,與現(xiàn)有的研究結(jié)果中出口技術(shù)復(fù)雜度對工資差距的單調(diào)性影響不同,本文在實證模型中加入出口技術(shù)復(fù)雜度的平方項以后,發(fā)現(xiàn)2005-2013年間,出口技術(shù)復(fù)雜度對工資差距的影響呈先增加后減小的倒“U”型關(guān)系。這一變化的原因主要是由于技術(shù)工人與非技術(shù)工人之間的關(guān)系經(jīng)歷了由替代到互補的轉(zhuǎn)變,替代狀態(tài)下,出口技術(shù)復(fù)雜度升級對技術(shù)工人的相對需求增加,擴大了工資差距；互補狀態(tài)下,出口技術(shù)復(fù)雜度升級對非技術(shù)工人的相對需求增加,縮小了工資差距。第三,物質(zhì)資本投入、研發(fā)費用投入以及平均受教育年限比的增加,對工資差距有較為顯著的擴大作用,而我國技術(shù)工人供給數(shù)量的大幅度增加,在一定程度上降低了技術(shù)工人的相對價值。另外,外商直接投資對工資差距有負(fù)向影響,說明外商直接投資在我國并沒有對技術(shù)工人形成較大幅度的需求,可能是在投資建廠時使用了較為先進(jìn)的技術(shù)使得生產(chǎn)部門自動化程度較高,從而在進(jìn)入我國制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域以后,需求更大的是非技術(shù)工人。盡管出口技術(shù)復(fù)雜度升級對工資差距表現(xiàn)出一個自我調(diào)節(jié)的過程,即促進(jìn)工資差距擴大到一定水平便開始對它產(chǎn)生負(fù)向影響,但這并不意味著我們不需要對其進(jìn)行較多的關(guān)注。工資差距是一個社會問題,出口技術(shù)復(fù)雜度也非唯一影響其變化的因素,當(dāng)其超出一定水平便會對社會穩(wěn)定和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展產(chǎn)生影響。因此,政府也應(yīng)采取有效措施,將其維持在一個合理的水平。最后本文針對研究結(jié)論提出了幾點建議。
[Abstract]:After entering the 21st century, with the continuous development of China's economy, the complexity of China's export technology has also been greatly improved. Since its introduction, the complexity of export technology has rapidly become an important tool for scholars from all over the world to study various economic and social problems in transnational and transregional areas. In fact, whether it is international trade or technological progress, all of them are expressed in the form of products as the carrier, but from the product export technology. From the point of view of technical complexity, considering the problem of labor wage gap is not only theoretically feasible, but also can better take some precise and effective industrial and talent measures for specific industries. This paper is supported by Murphy's labor demand model, Acemoglu's model and SS theorem. Based on the export technical complexity measured by 31 provincial-level data, the panel regression model is used to study the effect of the model on the wage gap between skilled and unskilled workers in 21 subdivisions of manufacturing industries in China. The main conclusions are as follows: Firstly, the export technology complexity of China's manufacturing industry is in a rising state from 2005 to 2013, both in terms of the whole and in terms of the subdivision of industries. The ways of upgrading include independent innovation, foreign technology spillovers and international outsourcing. This paper is based on Hausmann (20) 05) Weight measurement method, measured that the overall average export technical complexity of China's manufacturing industry increased from 15,677 yuan in 2005 to 46,224 yuan in 2013, indicating that the technical content of China's exports in these years has been greatly improved. Second, with the existing research results of export technical complexity on the wage gap single. After adding the square term of export technology complexity into the empirical model, this paper finds that the impact of export technology complexity on wage gap increases first and then decreases in an inverted U-shaped relationship during 2005-2013. In the state of substitution, the relative demand of export technology complexity upgrading for skilled workers increases and the wage gap widens; in the state of complementarity, the relative demand of export technology complexity upgrading for non-skilled workers increases and the wage gap narrows. Thirdly, the material capital investment, research and development expenditure investment and the average length of education. In addition, FDI has a negative impact on the wage gap, indicating that FDI has not formed a relatively large scale on skilled workers in China. The demand for non-skilled workers is likely to be higher in the production sector as a result of the use of more advanced technology in the construction of factories, and hence greater demand for non-skilled workers after entering China's manufacturing sector. The wage gap is a social problem, and the complexity of export technology is not the only factor affecting its change. When it exceeds a certain level, it will have an impact on social stability and economic development. Therefore, the government should adopt the same policy. Effective measures should be taken to maintain it at a reasonable level. Finally, some suggestions are put forward in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F424;F752.62

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本文編號：2213243