本文選題：煤炭開采 + 環(huán)境成本�。� 參考：《西安科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：環(huán)境與能源為國民經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展提供了重要的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),如果資源利用不當(dāng)也會制約經(jīng)濟社會的發(fā)展�！案幻骸⑸儆�、短氣”是我們國家的資源特點,長期導(dǎo)致我國能源消費以煤炭為主,造成能源消費結(jié)構(gòu)不合理。隨著人口數(shù)量的不斷增加以及工業(yè)化的發(fā)展,我國對于煤炭的需求量不斷提高導(dǎo)致煤炭大規(guī)模開采,不僅會導(dǎo)致煤炭資源的減少甚至枯竭,還會對煤炭礦區(qū)本就脆弱的生態(tài)環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染和生態(tài)破壞。因此針對煤炭礦區(qū)開采帶來的環(huán)境負(fù)面影響,進行煤炭開采生態(tài)環(huán)境成本補償問題研究就是建立健全煤炭資源開采生態(tài)環(huán)境成本補償機制,恢復(fù)或重建受損的生態(tài)環(huán)境系統(tǒng),并尋找一種能夠以較低的社會資源和代價來獲取較高的環(huán)境效益和較快的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的方法,對建設(shè)經(jīng)濟效益、環(huán)境效益和社會效益相統(tǒng)一的新型生態(tài)礦區(qū)具有重要意義。在相關(guān)文獻研究的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了煤炭開采生態(tài)補償?shù)膬?nèi)含和特點,并總結(jié)了生態(tài)環(huán)境補償?shù)睦碚摶A(chǔ)。從煤炭資源開采生態(tài)補償現(xiàn)狀出發(fā),對我國現(xiàn)階段環(huán)境成本補償運行機制進行了分析,其存在的主要問題:補償內(nèi)容界定不清楚,各項法律不完善;政府在生態(tài)補償中的職能定位不清晰;關(guān)于補償項目立項審批不合理。在生態(tài)補償原則的指導(dǎo)下,對政府、市場以及其他相關(guān)利益方在生態(tài)補償中的地位和作用進行了分析,確定了政府主導(dǎo)下的生態(tài)環(huán)境成本補償市場運行機制,引入了生態(tài)補償?shù)姆抢嫦嚓P(guān)方主體,通過競爭和價格機制推進生態(tài)補償?shù)氖袌龌\行。利用文獻分析和實際情況相結(jié)合的方法,選取了影響煤炭礦區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境的煤炭資源損耗價值、煤炭開采生態(tài)破壞成本和生態(tài)環(huán)境恢復(fù)補償成本三個計量要素。由于煤炭礦區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境復(fù)雜,采用規(guī)范與實證研究相結(jié)合的方法,將經(jīng)濟學(xué)、會計學(xué)、資產(chǎn)評估預(yù)計量等方法相結(jié)合,根據(jù)HEA生態(tài)服務(wù)價值補償原理,分別構(gòu)建了煤炭資源耗損模型、煤炭開采生態(tài)破壞模型和生態(tài)恢復(fù)成本模型,并對A礦區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境補償成本進行了實例計量,最后對煤炭開采的生態(tài)環(huán)境成本補償提出了相關(guān)建議。
[Abstract]:Environment and energy provide important material basis for the development of national economy. If the resources are not used properly, it will restrict the development of economy and society. "Rich coal, less oil, short gas" is the resource characteristic of our country, which leads to our country's energy consumption mainly in coal for a long time, resulting in unreasonable structure of energy consumption. With the continuous increase of population and the development of industrialization, the increasing demand for coal in China leads to large-scale mining of coal, which will not only lead to the reduction or even depletion of coal resources. It will also cause serious environmental pollution and ecological damage to the fragile ecological environment of coal mining area. Therefore, in view of the negative environmental impact brought by coal mining, the research on ecological environment cost compensation of coal mining is to establish and perfect the compensation mechanism of coal resources exploitation ecological environment cost, and to restore or rebuild the damaged ecological environment system. It is of great significance to find a way to obtain higher environmental benefit and faster economic development with lower social resources and cost, which is of great significance to the construction of a new ecological mining area with the unity of economic, environmental and social benefits. On the basis of relevant literature research, this paper puts forward the connotation and characteristics of ecological compensation for coal mining, and summarizes the theoretical basis of ecological environment compensation. Based on the current situation of ecological compensation for coal resources exploitation, this paper analyzes the operating mechanism of environmental cost compensation in China at present. The main problems are: the definition of compensation content is not clear, and the laws are not perfect; The function of government in ecological compensation is not clear, and the approval of compensation project is unreasonable. Under the guidance of ecological compensation principle, this paper analyzes the position and role of government, market and other stakeholders in ecological compensation, and determines the market operation mechanism of ecological environmental cost compensation under the guidance of government. The non-stakeholders of ecological compensation are introduced to promote the marketization of ecological compensation through competition and price mechanism. By using the method of combining the literature analysis with the actual situation, this paper selects three metering factors: the value of coal resource loss, the cost of ecological destruction of coal mining and the cost of compensation for ecological environment recovery of coal mining area. Because of the complexity of ecological environment in coal mining area, this paper combines the methods of economics, accounting, assets evaluation and prediction, and according to the principle of HEA ecological service value compensation, adopts the method of combining normative and empirical research, and combines the methods of economics, accounting, asset evaluation and prediction, etc. Coal resource depletion model, coal mining ecological damage model and ecological restoration cost model are constructed, and the ecological environment compensation cost of A mining area is measured by examples. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions on the compensation of ecological environment cost of coal mining.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X322;F426.21

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