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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：從煤電價格聯(lián)動機制看電力布場化改革　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 煤價 電價 電力改革 煤電聯(lián)動 煤電聯(lián)營

【摘要】：長久以來,煤炭工業(yè)改革一直超前于電力工業(yè)改革。在參差的改革歷程中,由于定價機制不同,煤價與電價齟齬不斷。而現(xiàn)階段,在電煤價格完全放開、電力體制改革舉步維艱的背景下,政府、煤企、電企為了企業(yè)生存和行業(yè)發(fā)展做出了巨大的努力和多元化的嘗試。無論是“煤電聯(lián)動”還是“煤電聯(lián)營”,都有其合理性,取得了一定的效果；同時凸顯有局限性,無法從根源上解決市場問題。對此,本文試圖尋求與思考在新時期行之有效的解決方案。首先,本文查閱和搜集了國內(nèi)外關(guān)于煤價、電價以及二者市場化矛盾,特別是國內(nèi)比較突出的“煤荒”、“電荒”相關(guān)問題的數(shù)據(jù)資料和分析論證,并通過文獻綜述從前人的智慧結(jié)晶中獲取啟發(fā)。其次,在國內(nèi)外文獻綜述之后,本文分別對煤價市場和電價政策作逐一介紹：從煤炭市場的供給、需求角度分析煤炭價格；從現(xiàn)行政策和體制改革的角度分析電能價格,并逐漸引出對二者矛盾由來、矛盾程度的論述,進而為“煤電價格聯(lián)動機制”誕生的必然性提供理論依據(jù)。再次,本文采用了筆者所在單位的實例對應(yīng)運而生的“煤電聯(lián)動機制”的內(nèi)容、計算方法進行剖析,并使用SPSS軟件就煤價、煤電聯(lián)動對發(fā)電企業(yè)經(jīng)營的影響予以分析確認。結(jié)果表明,發(fā)電企業(yè)的度電成本與煤價具有高度的相關(guān)性,且企業(yè)利潤對煤價的浮動高度敏感。這說明煤電聯(lián)動機制對電價的調(diào)整的確是能起到緩沖發(fā)電企業(yè)成本沖擊作用的。同時,本文認識到,在煤電價格聯(lián)動機制功效的背后,存在著相當(dāng)明顯的局限性。筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)自2005年“煤電聯(lián)動機制”實施以來,電價調(diào)整的頻率與幅度均大大滯后于煤炭價格的變化,導(dǎo)致了電力企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營的極度不穩(wěn)定。筆者據(jù)此并聯(lián)系國內(nèi)外經(jīng)驗對“煤電聯(lián)動機制”存在的問題和完善方法進行思考,提出了細化電價結(jié)構(gòu),附加燃料成本調(diào)整電價的方案。最后,本文強調(diào)這樣的完善方案并不是短期可以奏效的。因此,在微觀上,發(fā)電企業(yè)仍需要通過自身改造以在困境中求生存。本文通過對筆者所在單位以技術(shù)改造、加強自身建設(shè)為手段進行效益提升的案例進行了簡要分析,并認為這種運營理念對發(fā)電企業(yè)具有其普適性。在宏觀上,發(fā)電集團基于提高原料自給率的考慮,進行了新一輪煤電產(chǎn)業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略耦合,即“煤電聯(lián)營”。本文對該戰(zhàn)略的優(yōu)劣進行了簡要的分析,但結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣治標不治本,無法實現(xiàn)電力行業(yè)的市場最優(yōu)配置。最終,本文試圖通過以上各種政策的總結(jié)權(quán)衡提出推動電力市場化改革、徹底解決煤電矛盾的方案——如完善電力行業(yè)法律、構(gòu)建妥善的電力規(guī)劃機制,特別是破除電網(wǎng)公司壟斷、實現(xiàn)電力生產(chǎn)各環(huán)節(jié)的競爭性改造。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the coal industry reform has been ahead of the electric power industry reform. In the uneven reform process, because of the different pricing mechanism, the coal price and the electricity price discord constantly. But at the present stage, the coal price is completely liberalized. Under the background of the difficult reform of electric power system, the government, coal enterprises and electric power enterprises have made great efforts and diversified attempts for the survival of enterprises and the development of the industry, whether it is "coal and electricity linkage" or "coal and power joint operation". All have their rationality, have achieved certain effect; At the same time, there are some limitations, can not solve the market problems from the root. For this, this paper tries to seek and reflect on effective solutions in the new period. First, this paper consulted and collected the domestic and foreign coal prices. Electricity price and their market-oriented contradictions, especially the domestic relatively prominent "coal shortage", "electricity shortage" related issues of data data and analysis and demonstration, and through literature review of the former people's wisdom crystallization to obtain inspiration. Secondly. After literature review at home and abroad, this paper introduces the coal price market and electricity price policy one by one: analyze the coal price from the coal market supply and demand point of view; From the point of view of current policy and system reform, this paper analyzes the electricity price, and gradually leads to the discussion of the origin and degree of contradiction between the two, and then provides the theoretical basis for the birth of the "coal and electricity price linkage mechanism". This paper uses the example of the author's unit to analyze the content and calculation method of "coal and electricity linkage mechanism", and uses SPSS software to analyze the coal price. The impact of coal-electricity linkage on the operation of power generation enterprises is analyzed and confirmed. The results show that the cost of power generation has a high correlation with the coal price. And the enterprise profit is highly sensitive to the fluctuation of coal price, which shows that the coal-electricity linkage mechanism can really play a role in cushioning the cost impact of power generation enterprises. At the same time, this paper realizes that the coal and electricity linkage mechanism can adjust the electricity price. There are quite obvious limitations behind the effectiveness of coal-electricity price linkage mechanism. The author found that since 2005 "coal-electricity linkage mechanism" has been implemented. The frequency and amplitude of electricity price adjustment lag behind the change of coal price. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign experience, the author thinks about the existing problems and perfect methods of "coal and electricity linkage mechanism", and puts forward the detailed structure of electricity price. Finally, this paper emphasizes that such a perfect scheme is not effective in the short term. Therefore, at the micro level. Power generation enterprises still need to survive in a difficult situation through their own transformation. This paper briefly analyzes the case of the improvement of efficiency by means of technical transformation and strengthening of self-construction in the author's unit. It is considered that this kind of operation concept has its universality for power generation enterprises. On the macro level, the power generation group has carried out a new round of strategic coupling of coal and electricity industry based on the consideration of improving the self-sufficiency rate of raw materials. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the strategy are briefly analyzed, but the results show that the same palliative treatment does not cure the root cause, can not achieve the power industry market optimal allocation. Finally. This paper tries to put forward a plan to promote the reform of electricity marketization and solve the contradiction of coal and electricity thoroughly through summing up and weighing the above policies-such as perfecting the law of power industry and constructing the proper power planning mechanism. In particular, to break the monopoly of power grid companies, to achieve the competitive transformation of the various aspects of electricity production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F426.61;F726

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本文編號：1358420