土壤緊實被廣泛認(rèn)為是土壤退化的重要表現(xiàn)之一,頻繁的農(nóng)業(yè)機械化耕作可能是造成耕地土壤緊實的原因之一。玉米是我國第一大作物,是黃淮海地區(qū)冬小麥-夏玉米種植系統(tǒng)主要組成,玉米對土壤緊實相對敏感。頻繁的機械化作業(yè)對該區(qū)的土壤構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。田間機械壓實對作物生長的影響已見報道,表明土壤緊實是土壤-氣候-作物-機械相互作用的結(jié)果。但以往的研究大多是在極端條件下,如高強度機器操作、極端田間狀況下來研究這一問題,這并不能代表田間實際情況。因此,我們的研究基于傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)民田間操作,調(diào)查土壤特性和玉米生長對土壤緊實的響應(yīng)。本研究共設(shè)2年田間試驗（2016-2017年）,3個田間處理（CK,土壤無壓實;C-2Wh,土壤機械壓實兩遍;C-6Wh,土壤機械壓實6遍）,采用5.26Mg的輪輻進(jìn)行碾壓;采用隨機區(qū)組設(shè)計,材料為2個玉米品種（鄭單-958和先玉-335）。2016年進(jìn)行土壤深松耕作（至25cm）,2017年進(jìn)行淺旋耕作（至10cm）。本研究測定了0-50 cm土層的土壤參數(shù)如容重、穿透阻力、總孔隙度、滲透率、含水量和水穩(wěn)定粒徑分布。作物生長指標(biāo)包括作物葉面積指數(shù)、植株高度、干物質(zhì)積累、產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因... 

【文章來源】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院北京市

【文章頁數(shù)】：87 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
abstract
Abbreviations
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
    1.1 Background of the study
    1.2 Rationale for the study
    1.3 Aim and objectives
CHAPTER 2 Materials and methods
    2.1 Experiment site description
    2.2 Experiment design and management
    2.3 Traffic-induced compaction treatment setup
    2.4 Soil sampling and measurements
        2.4.1 Dry bulk density
        2.4.2 Total porosity
        2.4.3 Soil resistance to penetration
        2.4.4 Soil moisture content
        2.4.5 Water-stable aggregate size distribution
    2.5 Plant sampling and measurements
        2.5.1 Leaf area index and plant height
        2.5.2 SPAD values
        2.5.3 Aboveground dry matters
        2.5.4 Root sampling
        2.5.5 Grain yield and yield components
    2.6 Statistical analysis
CHAPTER 3 Impact of traffic-induced compaction on soil properties
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Results
        3.2.1 Dry bulk density
        3.2.2 Total porosity
        3.2.3 Soil resistance to penetration
        3.2.4 Soil moisture content
        3.2.5 Water-stable aggregate size distribution
    3.3 Discussion
    3.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Impact of traffic-induced soil compaction on summer maize growth and yield .
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Results
        4.2.1 Leaf area index
        4.2.2 Plant height
        4.2.3 Aboveground dry matters
        4.2.4 Root dry matter
        4.2.5 Root mass density
        4.2.6 Root distribution ratio
        4.2.7 SPAD value
        4.2.8 Ears number
        4.2.9 Kernels number
        4.2.10 100-grain weight
        4.2.11 Cob harvest index
        4.2.12 Shelling percentage
        4.2.13 Harvest index
        4.2.14 Grain yield
    4.3 Discussion
    4.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 Conclusion and suggestions
    5.1 Conclusion
    5.2 Suggestions and shortcomings
REFERENCES
AUTHOR’S RESUME


【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]Effect of subsoil tillage depth on nutrient accumulation, root distribution, and grain yield in spring maize[J]. Hongguang Cai,Wei Ma,Xiuzhi Zhang,Jieqing Ping,Xiaogong Yan,Jianzhao Liu,Jingchao Yuan,Lichun Wang,Jun Ren.  The Crop Journal. 2014(05)
[2]Root growth in response to nitrogen supply in Chinese maize hybrids released between 1973 and 2009[J]. WU QiuPing,CHEN FanJun,CHEN YanLing,YUAN LiXing,ZHANG FuSuo & MI GuoHua Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction,MOE,College of Resources and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China.  Science China（Life Sciences）. 2011(07)



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