溫室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)(半翅目:粉虱科)是世界上農(nóng)作物中最危害最大的害蟲之一,由于其直接取食和傳播植物病毒而導(dǎo)致作物巨大損失。溫室白粉虱的寄主選擇行為主要受到植物揮發(fā)性有機化合物的影響,而其生長發(fā)育主要由寄主植物的營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)而決定。然而,植物揮發(fā)性有機化合物對其寄主選擇行為的影響還沒有被深入研究。此外,植物營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和揮發(fā)性有機化合物之間的關(guān)系以及在溫室白粉虱接受及定植寄主植物中的作用仍不清楚。首先,從最常見的四個茄子栽培品種和三個番茄栽培品種中篩選對溫室白粉虱最有吸引力的品種。然后,觀察了粉虱在同種侵染植物上的聚集行為,并評估了植物營養(yǎng)和揮發(fā)性有機化合物對粉虱寄主偏好行為的關(guān)系。最后,分析了最有吸引力的未受危害和受粉虱侵染的植物中的化合物,以鑒定具有吸引力的揮發(fā)性化合物。在Y型嗅覺計,風(fēng)洞,網(wǎng)箱和溫室中進行行為測定實驗。通過固相微萃取(SPME)和氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜(GC-MS)測定植物揮發(fā)物。使用刺探電位圖譜(EPG)技術(shù)來觀察粉虱在不同寄主的攝食行為。此外,測定了植物的葉子主要營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)氮,糖(果糖,葡萄糖和蔗糖)和氨基酸。最后,在...

【文章頁數(shù)】：141 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Introduction
    1.2 Problems associated to current whitefly management techniques
    1.3 Potential role of semiochemicals to manage whiteflies
        1.3.1 Semiochemical-based attraction of whiteflies in intercropping systems
        1.3.2 Semiochemical traps in agricultural fields
    1.4 Herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs)
    1.5 Impact of plant nutrients on volatile production to influence the herbivore host plant selection behavior
    1.6 Future perspectives to use semiochemicals to manage whiteflies
    1.7 Perspective and major viewpoints of this study
CHAPTER II VOLATILE-MEDIATED ATTRACTION OF GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM TO TOMATO AND EGGPLANT
    2.1 INTRODUCTION
    2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        2.2.1 Insect rearing
        2.2.2 Plant materials
        2.2.3 Infested plants
        2.2.4 Intact plants
        2.2.5 Two-choice bioassays
            2.2.5.1 Y-tube olfactometer experiments
            2.2.5.2 Wind tunnel experiment
        2.2.6 Free-choice bioassays
        2.2.7 Multi-choice bioassays
        2.2.8 Headspace volatile collection and analysis
        2.2.9 Data analysis
    2.3 RESULTS
        2.3.1 Two-choice assay for intact tomato
        2.3.2 Two-choice assay for intact eggplant
        2.3.3 Two-choice assay between the most attractive tomato and eggplant cultivars
        2.3.4 Two-choice assay for intact versus infested plants
        2.3.5 Conspecific lure experiment in Y-tube olfactometer
        2.3.6 Free-choice Assay
        2.3.7 Multi-choice Assay
        2.3.9 Headspace volatile analysis of intact plants
        2.3.10 Volatiles of infested plants
    2.4 DISCUSSION
    2.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER III VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND NUTRIENTS OF EGGPLANTS AND TOMATOES AFFECT HOST SELECTION BEHAVIOUR OF GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM
    3.1 INTRODUCTION
    3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        3.2.1 Insect rearing
        3.2.2 Plant Materials
        3.2.3 Net cage experiments
        3.2.4 Greenhouse experiments
        3.2.5 Electrical penetration graph (EPG) recording
        3.2.6 Plant Nutrient Analysis
            3.2.6.1 Amino acid and sugar analysis
            3.2.6.2 Nitrogen analysis
        3.2.7 Headspace volatile analysis
        3.2.8 Data analysis
    3.3 RESULTS
        3.3.1 Net cage experiments
        3.3.2 Greenhouse experiments
        3.3.3 EPG parameters
        3.3.4 Plant Nutrients
        3.3.5 Headspace Volatile
    3.4 DISCUSSION
    3.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER IV WHITEFLY (TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM WESTWOOD)-INDUCED DE NOVO SYNTHESIZED TOMATO AND EGGPLANT VOLATILES PROVIDES RELIABLE INFORMATION FOR CONSPECIFIC HOST PLANT SELECTION
    4.1 INTRODUCTION
    4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        4.2.1 Plant materials
        4.2.2 Insect rearing
        4.2.3 Two-choice behavioural assay experiments for infested and intact plants
            4.2.3.1 Y-tube olfactometer
            4.2.3.2 Wind tunnel experiment
        4.2.4 Volatile collection
        4.2.5 Bioassays for synthetic chemicals
            4.2.5.1 Y-tube olfactometer bioassays
            4.2.5.2 Net cage experiments
            4.2.5.3 Wind tunnel experiments
        4.2.6 Data analysis
    4.3 RESULTS
        4.3.1 Bioassay for infested versus intact tomato plants
        4.3.2 Bioassay for infested versus intact eggplants
        4.3.3 Major volatile compounds emitted by infested tomato
        4.3.4 Major volatile compounds emitted by infested eggplant
        4.3.5 Preference behavior of T. vaporariorum to (E)-β-caryophyllene
        4.3.6 Preference behavior of T. vaporariorum to α-pinene
        4.3.7 Preference behavior of T. vaporariorum to α-humulene
        4.3.8 Preference behavior of T. vaporariorum to α-phellendrene
        4.3.9 Preference behavior of T. vaporariorum to α-farnesene
        4.3.10 Preference behavior of T. vaporariorum to (z)3hexen1ol
    4.4 DISCUSSION
    4.5 CONCLUSION
GENERAL CONCLUDING REMARKS
LITERATURES CITED
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
AUTHOR’S POFILE
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO THIS DEGREE
SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES



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