水稻是第三世界的基本糧食作物。亞洲人口占世界人口的一半以上,世界水稻產(chǎn)量的90%以上由亞洲人口消費。中國水稻產(chǎn)量居世界首位,預(yù)計產(chǎn)量為14.485萬噸左右,水稻生產(chǎn)與國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展息息相關(guān)。由于人口的增長壓力,中國預(yù)計到2030年,需要將目前的水稻產(chǎn)量增加20%以上。對于水稻生產(chǎn)中要面臨許多病蟲害和其他非生物因素威脅的國家來說,這是一項艱巨的任務(wù)。褐飛虱(Nilaparvatalugens,BPH)、白背飛虱(Sogatella furcifera,WBPH))、灰飛虱(Laodelph striatellus,SBPH)三種飛虱類害蟲和黑尾葉蟬(Nephotettix cincticeps)是水稻上重要的刺吸害蟲,以其強烈的破壞性在亞洲多個地區(qū)嚴重發(fā)生。它們通過吸取水稻韌皮部汁液,并將水稻草狀矮化病毒(RGSV)和水稻草叢矮化病毒(RRSV)在內(nèi)的植物性病毒傳播給水稻植株,從而導(dǎo)致田間火燒和其他直接對水稻的直接危害癥狀。中國對葉蟬和飛虱的防治一般采用包括化學(xué)農(nóng)藥在內(nèi)的多種方法。由于農(nóng)藥與昆蟲的長期相互作用,害蟲對傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)藥產(chǎn)生了抗藥性。化學(xué)殺蟲劑的非選擇性及其持久性造成了對包括生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中...

【文章頁數(shù)】：106 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
Chapter Ⅰ. Introduction
    1.1 Rice production in China
    1.2 Insects problems
    1.3 Leafhoppers and planthoppers
        1.3.1 Niphotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
        1.3.2 Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), Sogatella furcifera (Horvath), and Laodelphax striatellus(Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
    1.4 Current status of leafhoppers and planthoppers
    1.5 Essential oils as plants regulators against insects and oils derived chemical compounds
    1.6 The growing concern using essential oils and chemical compounds
    1.7 Objective of this thesis
Chapter Ⅱ. Materials and Methods
    2.1 Experimental and feeding rice
    2.2 Insect colony
    2.3 Chemical compounds
    2.4 Screening bioassay of compounds against nymph leafhoppers and planthoppers in thelaboratory
    2.5 Repellency of compounds against adult and nymph of planthoppers in the laboratoryconditions
    2.6 Repellency of compounds against adult and nymph of planthoppers in the glasshouseconditions
    2.7 Assay of compounds on the natural enemy C. lividipennis in the laboratory conditions
    2.8 Data analysis
Chapter Ⅲ. Results
    3.1 Experiment on Brown planthoppers
        3.1.1 Laboratory bioassay
            3.1.1.1 Screening bioassay
            3.1.1.2 Repellency of xanthoxyline and (-)-caryophyllene-oxide against N. lugens underlaboratory
        3.1.2 Greenhouse bioassay
            3.1.2.1 Repellency of Xanthoxyline and (-)-Caryophyllene-oxide against N. lugens ingreenhouse
        Conclusion of Brown planthoppers bioassay
    3.2 Experiment on whiteback planthoppers
        3.2.1 Laboratory bioassay
            3.2.1.1 Repellency of Xanthoxyline and (-)-Caryophyllene-oxide against S. furcifera inlaboratory
        3.2.2 Greenhouse bioassay
            3.2.2.1 Repellency of Xanthoxyline and (-)-Caryophyllene-oxide against S. furcifera ingreenhouse
        Conclusion of Whiteback planthoppers bioassay
    3.3 Experiment on Small brown planthoppers
        3.2.1 Laboratory bioassay
            3.2.1.1 Repellency of Xanthoxyline and (-)-Caryophyllene-oxide against L. striatellus inlaboratory
        3.2.2 Greenhouse bioassay
            3.2.2.1 Repellency of Xanthoxyline and (-)-Caryophyllene-oxide against L. striatellus ingreenhouse
        Conclusion of Small brown planthoppers bioassay
    3.4 Experiment on Green rice leafhoppers
        3.4.1 Screening bioassay in laboratory
        Conclusion of green leafhoppers preliminary bioassay
    3.5 Effect of chemical compounds on C. lividipennis in the laboratory
        Conclusion of chemotaxis bioassay of mirid bugs
Chapter Ⅳ. Discussion
    4.1 Effectiveness of compounds in repelling planthoppers of N. lugens, S. furcifera, and L.striatellus
    4.2 Preliminary repulsive effect of compounds on N. cincticeps
    4.3 Effect of compounds on the orientation of mirid bugs
Chapter Ⅴ. Conclusion and perspectives
Reference cited
Acknowledge



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