在中國(guó),梨是一種具有高經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值的水果,因其自交不親和,所以完全依賴(lài)授粉以達(dá)到坐果目的。利用蜜蜂授粉需要確定中華蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂對(duì)梨花粉的采集行為模式和影響授粉效率的因素�；诖四康�,我們選擇在2015-2017年于山西省的梨主產(chǎn)區(qū)進(jìn)行梨樹(shù)蜜蜂授粉實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)一:我們對(duì)自然狀態(tài)下中華蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂對(duì)梨樹(shù)的訪花行為進(jìn)行了比較,我們觀察到一個(gè)有趣的現(xiàn)象:意大利蜜蜂僅在第一天對(duì)梨樹(shù)表現(xiàn)出積極地訪花行為,在接下來(lái)的幾天對(duì)梨花的采集頻率顯著降低,轉(zhuǎn)而采集其他作物。而中華蜜蜂在實(shí)驗(yàn)期內(nèi)始終以梨花為主要采集目標(biāo),并未轉(zhuǎn)而以其較為偏好的作物為主要采集目標(biāo)。此結(jié)果表明:本土中華蜜蜂與本土梨樹(shù)有更好的適應(yīng)性。盡管意大利蜜蜂的大量使用引起中華蜜蜂的種群數(shù)量相對(duì)有所下降,但中華蜜蜂與本土梨樹(shù)協(xié)同進(jìn)化,導(dǎo)致其在為梨樹(shù)授粉中對(duì)梨花粉的適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)二:為充分利用意大利蜜蜂的優(yōu)勢(shì),我們對(duì)意大利蜜蜂蜂群內(nèi)部因素對(duì)蜜蜂對(duì)梨樹(shù)的訪花行為的影響進(jìn)行了研究。本實(shí)驗(yàn)主要利用安裝脫粉器和糖水獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)飼喂的方式了解蜂群內(nèi)蜂糧存儲(chǔ)量對(duì)花粉的采集效率的影響。結(jié)果表明:采集蜂會(huì)根據(jù)蜂群內(nèi)部花粉量和花蜜量的變化改變采集策略。不同處理對(duì)采集蜂的... 

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：106 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
Abbreviation
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
    1.1. POLLINATION
    1.2. ROLE OF POLLINATORS IN FOOD SECURITY
    1.3. THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF POLLINATION
    1.4. INSECT POLLINATOR
        1.4.1. Managed pollinators
            1.4.1.1. Honey bees
            1.4.1.2. Bumble bees
            1.4.1.3. Other wild pollinators
    1.5. POLLINATION ECOLOGY
        1.5.1. Pollinators habitat
        1.5.2. Floral rewards
        1.5.3. Floral morphology
    1.6. POLLINATOR DIVERSITY IN CHINA
    1.7. FRUIT TREE DOMESTICATION IN CHINA
    1.8. APIS CERANA AND A. MELLIFERA IN CHINA
    1.9. CHINESE PEAR
        1.9.1. Pear pollination
        1.9.2. Pear pollination research achievements and gaps
CHAPTER 2. NATIVE HONEYBEES OUTPERFORM ADVENTIVE HONEYBEES IN INCREASING PEAR (PYRUS BRETSCHNEIDERI) POLLINATION
    2.1. SUMMARY
    2.2. INTRODUCTION
    2.3. OBJECTIVES
    2.4. MATERIALS AND METHODS
        2.4.1. STUDY AREAS
        2.4.2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
        2.4.3. HONEY BEES FORAGING
        2.4.4. POLLEN MEASUREMENT
        2.4.5. PEAR NECTAR MEASUREMENT
        2.4.6. FORAGING DISTRIBUTION
        2.4.7. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
    2.5. RESULTS
        2.5.1. POLLEN COLLECTION BEHAVIOR
        2.5.2. POLLEN WEIGHT AND PROPORTION
        2.5.3. Pear nectar sugar contents
        2.5.4. Foraging distrib ution of honeybees
    2.6. DISCUSSION
    2.7. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3. EFFECT OF HONEY BEES COLONY MANAGEMENT IN PEAR POLLINATION
    3.1. SUMMARY
    3.2. INTRODUCTION
    3.3. OBJECTIVES
    3.4. MATERIALS AND METHODS
        3.4.1. Study species and location
        3.4.2. Experimental setup
        3.4.3. Colony manipulation
        3.4.4. Pollen collection
        3.4.5. Pollen pellet/load
        3.4.6. Determination of flowering plants
        3.4.7. Pollen proportion
        3.4.8. Recording meteorological conditions
        3.4.9. Stigma pollen deposition
        3.4.10. Fruit set
        3.4.11. Data analysis
    3.5. RESULTS
        3.5.1. POLLEN COLLECTION OF HONEYBEES
        3.5.2. POLLEN WEIGHT
        3.5.3. SINGLE POLLEN LOAD WEIGHT
        3.5.4. POLLEN PROPORTION
        3.5.5. STIGMA POLLEN DEPOSITION
        3.5.6. FRUIT SET
    3.6. DISCUSSION
    3.7. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4. PEAR VOLATILE COMPOSITIONS AND VISITATION RESPONSE OF HONEY BEES
    4.1. SUMMARY
    4.2. INTRODUCTION
    4.3. OBJECTIVE
    4.4. MATERIALS AND METHODS
        4.4.1. STUDY SITE AND PLANT MATERIALS
        4.4.2. ANTHERS AND NECTAR COLLECTION
        4.4.3. SCENT ANALYSIS
        4.4.4. HONEY BEES FORAGING
        4.4.5. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
    4.5. RESULTS
        4.5.1. VOLATILES CHARACTERIZATION
        4.5.2. HONEYBEE VISITATION
    4.6. DISCUSSION
    4.7. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5. GENERAL CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
CURRICULUM VITAE



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