本文選題：東鄉(xiāng)族　切入點(diǎn)：羊　出處：《青海民族大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：東鄉(xiāng)族主要聚居在我國(guó)甘肅省，具體是集中居住在我國(guó)甘肅省東鄉(xiāng)族自治縣境內(nèi)。羊在東鄉(xiāng)族人們生活中占有十分重要的地位，主要涉及到歷史記憶、日常生活、經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)等不同領(lǐng)域，貫穿于人們整個(gè)物質(zhì)生活和精神生活中。在東鄉(xiāng)縣，羊可謂一種文化符號(hào)，深深扎根于東鄉(xiāng)族傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中。 羊與民眾的生產(chǎn)、生活息息相關(guān)。東鄉(xiāng)縣惡劣的自然生態(tài)環(huán)境，導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效益低下，東鄉(xiāng)人家戶普遍都養(yǎng)有幾只羊，以保證家庭預(yù)期的農(nóng)牧業(yè)收入，維持家庭基本生計(jì)。在宗教生活中，宰羊是節(jié)日生活主要的內(nèi)容。羊已成為一種文化符號(hào)象征，寄托著人們的宗教情感和虔誠(chéng)的信仰。在長(zhǎng)期的生產(chǎn)生活中，形成了關(guān)于羊豐富的地方性知識(shí)和倫理道德。當(dāng)前，東鄉(xiāng)縣已將羊產(chǎn)業(yè)確定為四大支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，積極倡導(dǎo)發(fā)展羊產(chǎn)業(yè)。依托著羊經(jīng)濟(jì)，東鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)得到更好的發(fā)展。 在東鄉(xiāng)族傳統(tǒng)生活中，羊與人們的關(guān)系更為緊密。但隨著社會(huì)大環(huán)境的變遷，東鄉(xiāng)族社會(huì)正發(fā)生著大小不一的變化。東鄉(xiāng)族人們自給自足的傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)生活正向商業(yè)化經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)渡。隨著人們的生活方式和思想觀念的改變，，他們不再自己制作衣物和氈了，而是直接去市場(chǎng)上購(gòu)買。因此，搟氈技藝，已在逐漸失傳。再如，民間口頭文學(xué)包括故事、民謠、傳說(shuō)等也面臨著遺忘和傳承的危機(jī)。這無(wú)不受社會(huì)環(huán)境的影響。本文提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)，即在發(fā)展創(chuàng)新中傳承和保護(hù)羊文化。這對(duì)民族生存和社會(huì)發(fā)展本身有著至關(guān)重要的意義。 本文主要運(yùn)用文化人類學(xué)經(jīng)典的田野調(diào)查方法中的參與觀察法和深度訪談法，對(duì)東鄉(xiāng)族的生存環(huán)境、傳統(tǒng)與當(dāng)代生活中羊與東鄉(xiāng)族人們的關(guān)聯(lián)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的調(diào)查研究，展現(xiàn)了東鄉(xiāng)族社會(huì)生活面貌，透視了東鄉(xiāng)族生活、生產(chǎn)、文化方面的經(jīng)營(yíng)理念。基于調(diào)研，筆者認(rèn)為，田野調(diào)查方法，可以全面、客觀地解讀羊在東鄉(xiāng)族人們生活中的地位及在對(duì)東鄉(xiāng)族社會(huì)的發(fā)展與變遷中發(fā)揮的舉足輕重的作用。
[Abstract]:Dongxiang nationality mainly live in the Gansu province of China, particularly concentrated in the territory of Gansu Autonomous County of Dongxiang Province in China. The sheep occupies a very important position in the Dongxiang people's life, mainly related to the historical memory, daily life, different areas of economic production activities, people throughout the whole material life and spiritual life in in Dongxiang County, the sheep is a symbol of culture, deeply rooted in Dongxiang traditional and modern society.
The sheep and the people's production, life. The natural ecological environment in Dongxiang county is serious, leads to the agricultural production efficiency is low, the people of Dongxiang households generally have raised a few sheep, in order to ensure the family expected revenue of agriculture and animal husbandry, maintaining the basic livelihood of families. In religious life, sheep is the main content of sheep festival life. It has become a cultural symbol, the sustenance of the religious emotion and the religious beliefs of the people. In the long-term production and life, the formation of a sheep rich local knowledge and ethics. At present, Dongxiang county has the sheep industry as one of the four pillar industries, actively promote the development of sheep industry relying on. The sheep economy, Dongxiang economy will get better development.
In Dongxiang traditional life, the relationship between sheep and people more closely. But with the change of social environment, the Dongxiang nationality society is changing sizes. Dongxiang people self-sufficient traditional social life positive commercial economic transition. As people's life style and concept of change, they no longer own making clothes and felt, but directly to the market to buy. Therefore, felting techniques, has been gradually lost. Moreover, the folk oral literature includes stories, folk legends, is also facing the forgotten and heritage crisis. It is influenced by social environment. This paper puts forward his own point of view, namely the inheritance and protection the sheep in the development of culture innovation. The national survival and social development has important significance.
This paper mainly uses the fieldwork method of classical cultural anthropology in participatory observation and in-depth interviews, the Dongxiang family living environment, and the people of Dongxiang Sheep Association of traditional and contemporary life has been investigated, showing the Dongxiang nationality in social life, the perspective of Dongxiang nationality life, production, culture business philosophy. Based on the research, the author believes that the method of field survey, comprehensive, objective interpretation of the status function of sheep in Dongxiang people in life and an important play in the development and change of the Dongxiang nationality society.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：青海民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：C912.4

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本文編號(hào)：1710877