發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-04-19 23:05

【摘要】：鋼鐵企業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程,尤其是特種鋼鐵企業(yè),鋼坯標(biāo)識是不可或缺的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)。隨著鋼鐵企業(yè)自動(dòng)化技術(shù)水平的不斷革新,自動(dòng)標(biāo)識作業(yè)已經(jīng)逐漸取代原有的人工標(biāo)識。尤其是能實(shí)現(xiàn)多機(jī)、多流、多鋼種在線自動(dòng)標(biāo)識的鋼坯自動(dòng)標(biāo)識設(shè)備越來越受到歡迎,不僅可以提高生產(chǎn)效率,還可以有效避免人工標(biāo)識帶來的標(biāo)識不清、易脫落和人身安全等問題。在研究和對比國內(nèi)外已有標(biāo)識設(shè)備的基礎(chǔ)上,本文旨在研制一套多流鋼坯自動(dòng)標(biāo)識控制系統(tǒng)。論文的主要工作有以下幾個(gè)部分:1.在對國內(nèi)外標(biāo)識設(shè)備工作原理,標(biāo)識技術(shù)參數(shù),系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成等初步認(rèn)識的基礎(chǔ)上,確定出本文所研制標(biāo)識設(shè)備的系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成,實(shí)現(xiàn)標(biāo)識的方法;并進(jìn)一步分析構(gòu)建該控制系統(tǒng)所涉及的運(yùn)動(dòng)控制理論,伺服控制技術(shù)和激光位移傳感器測量技術(shù)等,為最終成功設(shè)計(jì)該控制系統(tǒng)奠定基礎(chǔ)。2.從運(yùn)動(dòng)控制技術(shù)基本原理出發(fā),本控制系統(tǒng)基于路徑規(guī)劃插補(bǔ)理論完成了標(biāo)識字符的G代碼程序設(shè)計(jì);基于速度控制算法和PID閉環(huán)控制理論完成了伺服控制參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)、優(yōu)化,實(shí)現(xiàn)了運(yùn)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)能快速、穩(wěn)定、連續(xù)地完成預(yù)定軌跡并有效地降低運(yùn)動(dòng)沖擊和提高標(biāo)識效率。3.對比實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)控制的不同方法并結(jié)合實(shí)際應(yīng)用環(huán)境,確立了以可編程邏輯控制器(PLC)于運(yùn)動(dòng)模塊相配合構(gòu)建多軸協(xié)同運(yùn)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)。并在此基礎(chǔ)上完成了系統(tǒng)電氣原理圖設(shè)計(jì),標(biāo)識控制程序設(shè)計(jì),HMI軟件設(shè)計(jì)等工作。激光位移傳感器作為測量元件,重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行激光器動(dòng)態(tài)測量誤差分析,以保證控制系統(tǒng)快速、穩(wěn)定、準(zhǔn)確地完成標(biāo)識任務(wù)。4.最后還要對控制系統(tǒng)參數(shù)優(yōu)化,誤差分析等。為保證控制系統(tǒng)有穩(wěn)定地快速響應(yīng)性,就要對伺服系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)增益調(diào)整、頻率特性調(diào)整等使其處于最優(yōu)化工作狀態(tài),避免引起共振;為了保證控制系統(tǒng)精度,就要對控制函數(shù)的增益系數(shù)和時(shí)間常數(shù)等優(yōu)化,使控制精度達(dá)到微米級。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:標(biāo)識系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定,自動(dòng)化程度高,標(biāo)識速度快,標(biāo)識結(jié)果清晰且保存時(shí)間長,系統(tǒng)控制精度高,滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)需求。
[Abstract]:Billet marking is an indispensable link in the production process of iron and steel enterprises, especially in special iron and steel enterprises. With the continuous innovation of automation technology in iron and steel enterprises, automatic marking has gradually replaced the original manual identification. In particular, the billet automatic marking equipment, which can realize multi-machine, multi-flow and multi-grade on-line automatic marking, is becoming more and more popular. It can not only improve the production efficiency, but also effectively avoid the unclear identification brought about by manual marking. Easy to fall off and personal safety and other issues. Based on the research and comparison of the existing marking equipment at home and abroad, this paper aims to develop a set of automatic identification control system for multi-flow billet. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. On the basis of the preliminary understanding of the working principle, technical parameters and system structure of the marking equipment at home and abroad, the system structure of the marking equipment developed in this paper is determined, and the method of realizing the marking is given. The motion control theory, servo control technology and laser displacement sensor measurement technology involved in the construction of the control system are further analyzed in order to lay a foundation for the successful design of the control system. 2. Based on the basic principle of motion control technology, this control system completes the G code program design of identifying characters based on path planning interpolation theory. Based on the speed control algorithm and the PID closed loop control theory, the servo control parameters are designed and optimized, and the motion control system can be fast, stable, continuously complete the predetermined trajectory and effectively reduce the motion impact and improve the marking efficiency. 3. A multi-axis cooperative motion control system based on programmable logic controller (PLC) and motion module is established by comparing different methods to realize motion control and combining with practical application environment. On this basis, the system electrical schematic design, identification control program design, HMI software design and so on. As a measuring element, the laser displacement sensor focuses on the dynamic measurement error analysis of the laser to ensure that the control system is fast, stable and accurate to complete the marking task. 4. Finally, the control system parameters optimization, error analysis and so on. In order to ensure the stable and rapid response of the control system, it is necessary to adjust the automatic gain and frequency characteristics of the servo system to make it in the optimal working state, so as to avoid causing resonance. In order to ensure the accuracy of the control system, the gain coefficient and time constant of the control function should be optimized to make the control precision reach the micron level. The experimental results show that the marking system has the advantages of stable operation, high automation, fast marking speed, clear marking results and long storage time, and high control precision, which meets the requirements of design and industrial production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TF089;TP273

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本文編號：2461372