【摘要】：切削力是機(jī)械加工中的主要參數(shù),測(cè)力儀直接測(cè)量是應(yīng)用廣泛且使用方便的切削力獲得方法。將壓電材料作為傳感元件可提高測(cè)力儀性能,PVDF(Polyvinylidene Fluoride)壓電薄膜因其動(dòng)態(tài)特性好、頻響范圍寬、靈敏度高、柔性大、成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)愈加廣泛地被應(yīng)用在切削力動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)中。本文以高速微銑削中動(dòng)態(tài)切削力測(cè)量為研究對(duì)象,利用PVDF壓電薄膜設(shè)計(jì)一款高性能、低成本的新型壓電測(cè)力傳感器。首先,根據(jù)并聯(lián)式應(yīng)變集中結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)加工簡(jiǎn)化的一維傳感器,并做常規(guī)轉(zhuǎn)速銑削試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證結(jié)構(gòu)合理性。根據(jù)彈性系統(tǒng)振動(dòng)力學(xué)推導(dǎo)出測(cè)力平臺(tái)自由振動(dòng)時(shí)固有頻率與各參數(shù)關(guān)系,選定測(cè)力平臺(tái)尺寸范圍。利用四周高剛度彈性體并聯(lián)中間低剛度彈性薄片結(jié)構(gòu)和截面突變結(jié)構(gòu)分別設(shè)計(jì)測(cè)力平臺(tái)對(duì)切削分力Fx和Fy與Fz的敏感元件。利用有限元軟件對(duì)測(cè)力平臺(tái)做模態(tài)分析與靜力學(xué)分析,得到測(cè)力平臺(tái)測(cè)量范圍。然后,根據(jù)使用條件和PVDF壓電薄膜性能確定壓電方程,制備薄膜傳感器和壓電測(cè)力平臺(tái)。利用有限元軟件對(duì)壓電測(cè)力平臺(tái)做機(jī)械-壓電聯(lián)合仿真,得到各向輸出電場(chǎng)與施加載荷關(guān)系。根據(jù)PVDF壓電薄膜極化方向性質(zhì)和各向載荷-電荷關(guān)系推出測(cè)力平臺(tái)解耦算法,得到仿真與理論兩種解耦式。最后,利用DASYLab(Data Acquisition system Laboratory)多功能組態(tài)軟件設(shè)計(jì)上位機(jī)部分。搭建測(cè)試系統(tǒng),選擇不同每齒進(jìn)給量進(jìn)行銑削試驗(yàn),得到切削力與每齒進(jìn)給量關(guān)系。選擇合適參數(shù),進(jìn)行測(cè)力平臺(tái)與Kistler測(cè)力儀對(duì)比試驗(yàn),并將得到的切削力信號(hào)做解耦處理,試驗(yàn)證明測(cè)力傳感器能較好地反映銑削時(shí)切削力動(dòng)態(tài)變化,且解耦矩陣能一定程度上降低各向干擾,提高監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)測(cè)量精度。
[Abstract]:Cutting force is the main parameter in machining. The direct measurement of force meter is a widely used and convenient method to obtain cutting force. Using piezoelectric material as sensing element can improve the performance of dynamometer. PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) piezoelectric film has been widely used in dynamic monitoring of cutting force because of its good dynamic characteristics, wide frequency response range, high sensitivity, large flexibility, low cost and so on. In this paper, a new piezoelectric force sensor with high performance and low cost is designed by using PVDF piezoelectric thin film as the research object of dynamic cutting force measurement in high speed micro-milling. Firstly, the simplified one-dimensional sensor is designed and manufactured according to the parallel strain concentrated structure, and the rationality of the structure is verified by the conventional rotational speed milling test. According to the vibration dynamics of the elastic system, the relationship between the natural frequency and the parameters in the free vibration of the force-measuring platform is derived, and the size range of the force-measuring platform is selected. The sensing elements of the force-measuring platform for cutting Fx, Fy and Fz are designed by using the structure of the elastic plate with high stiffness and the structure of the elastic plate with low stiffness in parallel and the abrupt structure of the section. The finite element software is used to do modal analysis and static analysis on the force-measuring platform, and the measuring range of the force-measuring platform is obtained. Then, the piezoelectric equation is determined according to the operating conditions and the performance of PVDF piezoelectric film, and the thin film sensor and piezoelectric force measuring platform are prepared. The finite element software is used to simulate the piezoelectric force-measuring platform, and the relationship between the output electric field and the applied load is obtained. According to the polarization direction properties of PVDF piezoelectric film and the load-charge relation in each direction, the decoupling algorithm of the force-measuring platform is derived, and two decoupling formulas are obtained. Finally, the part of upper computer is designed by using DASYLab (Data Acquisition system Laboratory) multi-function configuration software. The test system was set up and the milling test was carried out with different feed rate of each tooth, and the relation between cutting force and feed rate per tooth was obtained. Choosing suitable parameters, comparing the force measuring platform with the Kistler dynamometer, and decoupling the cutting force signal, it is proved that the force sensor can well reflect the dynamic change of cutting force in milling. The decoupling matrix can reduce the interference of each direction to some extent and improve the measuring accuracy of the monitoring system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP212

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本文編號(hào)：2225722