發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-24 18:45

【摘要】：面對自然災(zāi)害,可能我們無能為力,尤其是作為一個(gè)已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過四川多次地震的當(dāng)?shù)厝�。在地震的那一�?高樓大廈頃刻間倒塌,山崩地裂,有無數(shù)的生命被掩埋在了地下。雖然現(xiàn)在科學(xué)技術(shù)已經(jīng)取得了一定的進(jìn)步,但是大家還是可以看到:每每遇到這些災(zāi)難,都會帶來無法估量的損失,無論是生命安全還是物質(zhì)財(cái)產(chǎn)。根據(jù)地理學(xué)家的分析,我們國家地處太平洋與亞歐兩大地震帶之間,十分容易受到周圍陸地板塊與海洋板塊的相互擠壓,所以地震頻頻發(fā)生,從數(shù)次災(zāi)后的救援過程中發(fā)現(xiàn):災(zāi)后救援黃金時(shí)間是72小時(shí),如果能在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)更加快速、準(zhǔn)確的找到受害者,那么受害者得救的機(jī)會就越大。正因如此,在某些緊急的情況下能夠更短的時(shí)間內(nèi)找到受害者,尋找一種更加先進(jìn)的快速的生命探測方法就尤其重要。對被困生命體的探測就是使用各式各樣的方法去采集能夠代表生命特征的呼吸和心跳等相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行分析,進(jìn)而確定是否有存活的生命體。研究人員通過多次試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn):以前的基于光波或聲波等探測儀器極易受到環(huán)境的干擾;而電磁波則相對較穩(wěn)定,在探測過程中受到周圍環(huán)境影響較小,因此就有越來越多的研究者們開始將電磁波探測用于生命探測的試驗(yàn)中。文中根據(jù)對三種常用的超寬帶進(jìn)行分析對比,選擇了脈沖式的超寬帶對被掩埋生命體進(jìn)行分析。建立一個(gè)受害人員的模型,通過脈沖式超寬帶發(fā)射一個(gè)可以將生命特征信號帶回的窄脈沖。根據(jù)所選超寬帶的沖擊響應(yīng),及生命體的振動(dòng)幅度與發(fā)射天線的距離仿真接收端接收到的信息。然后對接收到的信息做初步處理,去掉十分明顯的直達(dá)波與雜波等,這里主要選擇的是曲波變換去除噪聲的方法,該方法不僅能夠去除干擾的雜波還可以提高信噪比。預(yù)處理后得到的波形信號中還是有許多種頻率的信息,為了能夠從中找出是否有生命特征信號的存在,選取了可根據(jù)信息本身自適應(yīng)分解的方法——聚類經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)B(tài)分解;將預(yù)處理后的波形分解為若干個(gè)固有模態(tài)分量和余項(xiàng)序列,對這些若干個(gè)分量進(jìn)行頻域分析可知是否存在生命體,再用這些分量重新去構(gòu)造原來的有用信息。最后為了更加確定所探測的準(zhǔn)確性,對重新構(gòu)造的生命體特征信號做頻域分析和高階頻域分析,對比兩種方法得到的頻譜圖像,從而也引進(jìn)高階累積法求超寬帶探測生命的頻譜分析。本文通過引入超寬帶雷達(dá)的發(fā)展及其到目前為止的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,接著詳細(xì)的介紹了幾種常見的用于地震探測生命體的超寬帶雷達(dá)和它們工作的原理,并選取脈沖式的超寬帶作為模擬探測的儀器,建立地震生命探測的模型。通過對雷達(dá)接收端接收信息的分析,對接收到的波形中的直達(dá)波和雜波有了更深的理解;而選擇曲波變換去除噪聲的過程中對波形的邊緣也有了進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識;重點(diǎn)介紹了根據(jù)波形自身特點(diǎn)自適應(yīng)分解的聚類模態(tài)分解法;最后討論了重新構(gòu)造的生命體特征信號的頻域分析和高階累積量的頻域分析圖,從而得出:高階累積的頻域分析的在探測中更加合適。
[Abstract]:In the face of natural disasters, there may be nothing we can do, especially as a local population that has experienced multiple earthquakes in Sichuan. At the moment of the earthquake, the building of the high-rise building collapsed, the mountain broke, and countless lives were buried under the ground. Although science and technology have made some progress, it can be seen that every one of these disasters will bring incalculable losses, whether life-safety or material property. According to the analysis by the geographer, our country is located between the Pacific and the Asia-Europe seismic belt, which is very easy to be pressed by the surrounding land plate and the ocean plate, so the earthquake happens frequently, and it is found that the golden time of the post-disaster rescue is 72 hours, The more quickly and accurately the victim can be found during this period, the greater the chance of the victim to be saved. That is why, in some emergency situations, it is particularly important to find the victim in a shorter time and to find a more advanced and rapid life detection approach. The detection of the trapped living body is to use a variety of methods to collect relevant information, such as breathing and heartbeat, which can represent the characteristics of life, so as to determine whether there is a living body. The researchers have found that previous sounding instruments based on light waves or acoustic waves are highly susceptible to environmental interference, while the electromagnetic waves are relatively stable and are less affected by the surrounding environment during the detection process. As a result, more and more researchers have begun to probe electromagnetic waves into the test for life detection. In this paper, based on the analysis and comparison of three commonly used ultra-wideband, the pulse-type ultra-wideband is selected to analyze the buried living body. A model of an injured person is established, and a narrow pulse which can bring the life characteristic signal back through the pulse-type ultra-wideband is transmitted. According to the impact response of the selected ultra-wideband and the vibration amplitude of the living body and the distance of the transmitting antenna. Then, the received information is subjected to preliminary processing to remove the very obvious direct wave and the clutter, and the method mainly selects the method for removing the noise by the wave-wave transformation, and the method not only can remove the interference clutter, but also can improve the signal-to-noise ratio. There are many kinds of frequency information in the waveform signal obtained after the pre-processing, in order to be able to find out whether there is the existence of the life characteristic signal, the method _ cluster empirical mode decomposition can be selected according to the self-adaptive decomposition of the information itself; The pre-processed waveform is decomposed into a plurality of natural mode components and a residual term sequence, and the plurality of components are subjected to frequency domain analysis to find out whether a living body exists, and then the original useful information is re-constructed by using the components. Finally, in order to determine the accuracy of the detection, the frequency-domain analysis and the high-order frequency-domain analysis of the reconstructed living body characteristic signal are performed, and the spectrum images obtained by the two methods are compared, so that the spectrum analysis of the ultra-wideband detection life is also obtained by the high-order accumulation method. In this paper, by introducing the development of ultra-wideband radar and the application field so far, several common ultra-wideband radar for earthquake detection living body and the principle of their work are introduced in detail, and the pulse-type ultra-wideband is used as an instrument for analog detection. And the model of the seismic life detection is established. by analyzing the receiving information of the radar receiving end, a deeper understanding of the direct wave and the clutter in the received waveform is provided; and the edge of the waveform is further recognized in the process of selecting the wave-wave transformation to remove the noise; In this paper, the method of cluster mode decomposition based on the self-adaptive decomposition of the waveform is introduced, and the frequency-domain analysis of the reconstructed living body characteristic signal and the frequency-domain analysis of the higher-order cumulant are discussed. The results show that the higher-order accumulated frequency-domain analysis is more suitable in the detection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN957.51

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