量子代理多重盲簽名協(xié)議設(shè)計與分析
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-20 12:07
【摘要】：數(shù)字簽名作為密碼學的一個重要分支已經(jīng)被廣泛應用于提供安全的電子通信。數(shù)字簽名具有身份認證、不可否認和數(shù)據(jù)的完整性等特質(zhì)適合解決某些任務的安全問題,例如電子交易系統(tǒng)中的安全支付、電子合同的安全簽訂等。現(xiàn)今所使用的數(shù)字簽名方案大都是基于公鑰密碼體制,其安全性基于某些數(shù)學難題的計算復雜度,例如離散對數(shù)、大整數(shù)素數(shù)分解等。隨著計算機運算能力的不斷提升,特別是量子計算機的提出,所有基于計算復雜性的數(shù)字簽名方案都將會變得不安全。因此,數(shù)字簽名的安全性不能再依賴于數(shù)學難解問題,而是應該為數(shù)字簽名提供信息論安全。量子簽名不同于傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)字簽名,它是利用量子物理學方法實現(xiàn)數(shù)字簽名思想的一種新型簽名體制,其安全性由量子力學基本原理保證,這些基本原理已被證明是無條件安全的。因此,量子簽名受到越來越多的關(guān)注和青睞。針對現(xiàn)有的量子代理盲簽名協(xié)議只能實現(xiàn)代理單重,本文主要對量子代理多重盲簽名協(xié)議的設(shè)計和安全性進了研究和探索,分別根據(jù)量子糾纏和量子隱形傳態(tài)的特性提出了兩個量子代理多重盲簽名協(xié)議,并對協(xié)議進行了詳細的安全性分析和效率分析。主要研究成果如下:(1)提出了一個可公開認證的量子代理多重盲簽名協(xié)議。該方案以GHZ態(tài)為基礎(chǔ),利用秘密共享原理實現(xiàn)多個原始簽名人對代理簽名人的授權(quán),并結(jié)合經(jīng)典編碼方法實現(xiàn)對量子比特串的簽名和驗證。由于簽名的產(chǎn)生沒有使用驗證者的密鑰,因此任意驗證者可根據(jù)量子單向函數(shù)和酉操作的特性驗證簽名是否有效,使得協(xié)議的應用場景更加廣泛。協(xié)議的安全性基于無條件安全的量子密鑰分發(fā)協(xié)議和一次一密算法。(2)提出了一個基于量子隱形傳態(tài)的代理多重盲簽名協(xié)議。該方案引入相位旋轉(zhuǎn)操作,巧妙的實現(xiàn)了代理簽名者代理多重的目的,而且確保了代理簽名者的操作復雜性與原始簽名人的數(shù)量無關(guān)。協(xié)議將Bell態(tài)中的兩個粒子分別發(fā)送給原始簽名者和驗證者,原始簽名者根據(jù)子密鑰對粒子施加相位旋轉(zhuǎn)局域操作,操作完成后將粒子序列發(fā)送給代理簽名者。代理簽名者根據(jù)原始簽名者的授權(quán)證書對粒子序列施加逆復合操作還原Bell態(tài),并在Bell基下對該粒子和待簽名序中的粒子執(zhí)行聯(lián)合測量產(chǎn)生簽名。驗證者根據(jù)簽名,對Bell態(tài)中的另一粒子施加相應酉操作產(chǎn)生待驗證序列,與待簽名序列比較,根據(jù)比較結(jié)果判斷簽名是否有效。協(xié)議安全性高且技術(shù)要求相對簡單。通過分析表明:安全性方面,兩個方案都能夠滿足簽名的不可否認、不可偽造和盲性;效率方面,兩個方案的簽名效率與已有方案相比都有相對提高。
[Abstract]:As an important branch of cryptography, digital signature has been widely used to provide secure electronic communication. Digital signature has the characteristics of identity authentication, undeniable data integrity and so on, which is suitable for solving the security problems of some tasks, such as secure payment in electronic trading system, secure signing of electronic contract and so on. Nowadays, most of the digital signature schemes are based on public key cryptography, and their security is based on the computational complexity of some mathematical problems, such as discrete logarithm, large integer prime decomposition and so on. With the continuous improvement of computer computing power, especially the proposed quantum computer, all digital signature schemes based on computational complexity will become insecure. Therefore, the security of digital signature can no longer depend on the mathematical problem, but should provide information theory security for digital signature. Different from the traditional digital signature, quantum signature is a new signature scheme which uses quantum physics to realize the idea of digital signature. Its security is guaranteed by the basic principles of quantum mechanics, which have been proved to be unconditional security. Therefore, quantum signature has received more and more attention and favor. In view of the fact that the existing quantum proxy blind signature protocols can only implement proxy single signature, this paper mainly studies and explores the design and security of quantum proxy multiple blind signature protocols. According to the characteristics of quantum entanglement and quantum teletransfer, two quantum proxy multiple blind signature protocols are proposed, and the security and efficiency of the protocols are analyzed in detail. The main research results are as follows: (1) A publicly authenticated quantum proxy multiple blind signature protocol is proposed. Based on GHz state, the scheme uses the principle of secret sharing to realize the authorization of multiple original signatories to proxy signatories, and combines the classical coding method to realize the signature and verification of quantum bit strings. Because the signature is generated without the key of the verifier, any verifier can verify the validity of the signature according to the characteristics of quantum one-way function and unitary operation, which makes the application scenario of the protocol more extensive. The security of the protocol is based on unconditionally secure quantum key distribution protocol and one secret algorithm at a time. (2) A proxy multiple blind signature protocol based on quantum teletransmission is proposed. In this scheme, the phase rotation operation is introduced, which skillfully realizes the multiple purpose of proxy signer agent, and ensures that the operation complexity of proxy signer is independent of the number of original signatories. The protocol sends two particles in the Bell state to the original signer and the verifier respectively. The original signer applies a phase rotation local operation to the particle according to the subkey, and sends the particle sequence to the proxy signer after the operation is completed. According to the authorization certificate of the original signer, the proxy signer applies inverse recombination operation to restore Bell state to the particle sequence, and performs joint measurement of the particle and the particle in the order to be signed on the Bell basis. According to the signature, the verifier applies the corresponding unitary operation to another particle in Bell state to generate the sequence to be verified. Compared with the sequence to be signed, the verifier determines whether the signature is valid according to the comparison results. The protocol has high security and relatively simple technical requirements. The analysis shows that in terms of security, the two schemes can meet the undeniable, non-forgery and blindness of signature, and the efficiency of the two schemes is relatively higher than that of the existing schemes.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN918.91
本文編號：2503208
[Abstract]:As an important branch of cryptography, digital signature has been widely used to provide secure electronic communication. Digital signature has the characteristics of identity authentication, undeniable data integrity and so on, which is suitable for solving the security problems of some tasks, such as secure payment in electronic trading system, secure signing of electronic contract and so on. Nowadays, most of the digital signature schemes are based on public key cryptography, and their security is based on the computational complexity of some mathematical problems, such as discrete logarithm, large integer prime decomposition and so on. With the continuous improvement of computer computing power, especially the proposed quantum computer, all digital signature schemes based on computational complexity will become insecure. Therefore, the security of digital signature can no longer depend on the mathematical problem, but should provide information theory security for digital signature. Different from the traditional digital signature, quantum signature is a new signature scheme which uses quantum physics to realize the idea of digital signature. Its security is guaranteed by the basic principles of quantum mechanics, which have been proved to be unconditional security. Therefore, quantum signature has received more and more attention and favor. In view of the fact that the existing quantum proxy blind signature protocols can only implement proxy single signature, this paper mainly studies and explores the design and security of quantum proxy multiple blind signature protocols. According to the characteristics of quantum entanglement and quantum teletransfer, two quantum proxy multiple blind signature protocols are proposed, and the security and efficiency of the protocols are analyzed in detail. The main research results are as follows: (1) A publicly authenticated quantum proxy multiple blind signature protocol is proposed. Based on GHz state, the scheme uses the principle of secret sharing to realize the authorization of multiple original signatories to proxy signatories, and combines the classical coding method to realize the signature and verification of quantum bit strings. Because the signature is generated without the key of the verifier, any verifier can verify the validity of the signature according to the characteristics of quantum one-way function and unitary operation, which makes the application scenario of the protocol more extensive. The security of the protocol is based on unconditionally secure quantum key distribution protocol and one secret algorithm at a time. (2) A proxy multiple blind signature protocol based on quantum teletransmission is proposed. In this scheme, the phase rotation operation is introduced, which skillfully realizes the multiple purpose of proxy signer agent, and ensures that the operation complexity of proxy signer is independent of the number of original signatories. The protocol sends two particles in the Bell state to the original signer and the verifier respectively. The original signer applies a phase rotation local operation to the particle according to the subkey, and sends the particle sequence to the proxy signer after the operation is completed. According to the authorization certificate of the original signer, the proxy signer applies inverse recombination operation to restore Bell state to the particle sequence, and performs joint measurement of the particle and the particle in the order to be signed on the Bell basis. According to the signature, the verifier applies the corresponding unitary operation to another particle in Bell state to generate the sequence to be verified. Compared with the sequence to be signed, the verifier determines whether the signature is valid according to the comparison results. The protocol has high security and relatively simple technical requirements. The analysis shows that in terms of security, the two schemes can meet the undeniable, non-forgery and blindness of signature, and the efficiency of the two schemes is relatively higher than that of the existing schemes.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN918.91
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