【摘要】：穿墻雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)能對(duì)不透明障礙物等復(fù)雜環(huán)境下的生命跡象進(jìn)行探測(cè)和定位,在城市恐怖襲擊綁架和消防救援等活動(dòng)中具有非常重要的作用和意義。沖激體制的穿墻雷達(dá)是一款具有集穿透性強(qiáng)、抗干擾能力強(qiáng)、隱蔽性能好、距離向分辨率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)的探測(cè)能力比較優(yōu)秀的穿墻雷達(dá)。而天線作為穿墻雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)中重要的組成部分,天線的好壞直接影響雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的性能,因此設(shè)計(jì)一款性能較佳的天線是非常重要的,而這也是本設(shè)計(jì)的目標(biāo)。本設(shè)計(jì)的工作和內(nèi)容主要包括以下幾個(gè)部分:首先,簡(jiǎn)要分析和概述了穿墻雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的背景以及其實(shí)際應(yīng)用意義,調(diào)研和分析了國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展。研究和分析了1 GHz~10 GHz頻段信號(hào)對(duì)各種墻體穿透能力,以及結(jié)合系統(tǒng)體積、雷達(dá)信號(hào)波形和沖激體制最終確定以1.5 GHz~4.5GHz頻段的高斯脈沖加載3 GHz正弦波信號(hào)作為穿墻雷達(dá)信號(hào)。然后對(duì)穿墻雷達(dá)信號(hào)頻段進(jìn)行分析知其為超寬帶信號(hào)。分析出適合此類穿墻雷達(dá)的天線主要為寬帶微帶型天線和超寬帶天線。簡(jiǎn)單介紹微帶天線擴(kuò)展帶寬的方法并介紹和對(duì)比幾種超寬帶天線,最終確定帶漸變槽的單極子天線和Vivaldi天線作為該系統(tǒng)的終點(diǎn)研究方向。因而進(jìn)行概述Vivaldi天線的原理、發(fā)展和饋電結(jié)構(gòu)、為本文的設(shè)計(jì)作鋪墊。其次,設(shè)計(jì)了一款適合穿墻雷達(dá)的天線帶漸變槽的單極子天線,詳細(xì)闡述了該天線的設(shè)計(jì)過程并對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析。該天線有一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是體積小它的體積是后面設(shè)計(jì)的Vivaldi天線的體積的50%,而且?guī)u變槽的單極子天線的高頻特性非常好達(dá)到了11 GHz。并且通過分析其時(shí)域特性,表明其具有良好的時(shí)域特性。最后,從Vivaldi天線的結(jié)構(gòu)到設(shè)計(jì)給出了詳細(xì)分析和計(jì)算。設(shè)計(jì)主要包括饋電結(jié)構(gòu)和槽線漸變輻射器的計(jì)算和設(shè)計(jì)。然后對(duì)天線整體性能進(jìn)行描述并分析其仿真和測(cè)試結(jié)果。主要包括頻域的回波損耗、輻射方向圖以及峰值增益和時(shí)域的輻射波形、振鈴現(xiàn)象、時(shí)域方向圖以及保真系數(shù)等方面的分析。通過比較這兩款天線性能,最終選擇Vivaldi天線作為穿墻雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的收發(fā)天線。同時(shí)對(duì)該天線構(gòu)建了模擬合成孔徑的的一維線性陣,并對(duì)組陣參數(shù)進(jìn)行研究來確定最終接收天線的位置。
[Abstract]:The wall-piercing radar system can detect and locate the signs of life in the complex environment, such as transparent obstacles, and plays a very important role and significance in the activities of urban terrorist attack, kidnapping and fire rescue. Impulse radar is a kind of wall-piercing radar with excellent detection ability, such as strong penetration, strong anti-interference ability, good concealment performance, high range resolution and so on. As an important part of wall-piercing radar system, the quality of antenna directly affects the performance of radar system, so it is very important to design an antenna with better performance, which is also the goal of this design. The work and content of this design mainly include the following parts: firstly, the background and practical application significance of the wall-piercing radar system are briefly analyzed and summarized, and the research status and development at home and abroad are investigated and analyzed. The penetration ability of 1 GHz~10 GHz band signal to various walls and the volume of the system are studied and analyzed. The radar signal waveform and impulse system are finally determined to use Gao Si pulse loaded 3 GHz sine wave signal in 1.5 GHz~4.5GHz band as the radar signal through the wall. Then the frequency band of the radar signal through the wall is analyzed and known as the ultra-broadband signal. It is analyzed that the antennas suitable for this kind of wall-piercing radar are mainly broadband microstrip antenna and ultra-broadband antenna. This paper briefly introduces the method of expanding bandwidth of microstrip antenna, introduces and compares several kinds of ultra-broadband antennas, and finally determines the monopole antenna with tapered slot and Vivaldi antenna as the terminal research direction of the system. Therefore, the principle, development and feed structure of Vivaldi antenna are summarized, which paves the way for the design of this paper. Secondly, a monopole antenna with gradual slot is designed, and the design process of the antenna is described in detail and analyzed. One of the advantages of the antenna is that it is small and its volume is 50% of that of the Vivaldi antenna designed later, and the high frequency characteristics of the monopole antenna with tapered slot are very good at 11 GHz.. Through the analysis of its time-domain characteristics, it is shown that it has good time-domain characteristics. Finally, the structure and design of Vivaldi antenna are analyzed and calculated in detail. The design mainly includes the calculation and design of feed structure and slot line gradual radiator. Then the overall performance of the antenna is described and its simulation and test results are analyzed. It mainly includes the analysis of echo loss in frequency domain, radiation pattern, peak gain and radiation waveform in time domain, ringing phenomenon, time domain pattern and fidelity coefficient. By comparing the performance of the two antennas, the Vivaldi antenna is selected as the receiving and receiving antenna of the wall-piercing radar system. At the same time, a one-dimensional linear array simulating synthetic aperture is constructed for the antenna, and the array parameters are studied to determine the position of the final receiving antenna.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN957.2

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本文編號(hào)：2484344