發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-20 13:01

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)作為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中分布區(qū)域最廣泛、經(jīng)營(yíng)項(xiàng)目最復(fù)雜、受自然條件和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素多方面影響的大型基礎(chǔ)性產(chǎn)業(yè),對(duì)水資源有著巨大需求量,面對(duì)水資源日益短缺的現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)人類的生存和社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展都帶來了巨大的壓力。我國(guó)作為產(chǎn)稻大國(guó),在水稻種植過程中,為了追求作物的高產(chǎn),對(duì)農(nóng)田的過渡灌溉投入造成了水資源的巨大浪費(fèi)。高效的利用農(nóng)業(yè)投入、節(jié)約水資源和提高水稻品質(zhì)已成為大力發(fā)展水稻產(chǎn)業(yè)的迫切需求。因此,現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展方向要改變現(xiàn)階段水稻的生產(chǎn)灌溉方式,發(fā)展智能灌溉技術(shù),高效的利用水資源,減少人力物力投入的同時(shí)提高農(nóng)業(yè)利潤(rùn)。本設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)用ZigBee技術(shù)組建無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò),結(jié)合單片機(jī)控制技術(shù)、調(diào)虧灌溉理論和模糊控制原理,完成了一套針對(duì)寒地水稻智能灌溉系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì),該系統(tǒng)根據(jù)寒地水稻的生理特性,完成適時(shí)適量的自動(dòng)化灌溉。由ZigBee通訊平臺(tái)、單片機(jī)中央控制器和灌溉設(shè)備構(gòu)成了寒地水稻智能灌溉系統(tǒng)的整體構(gòu)架設(shè)計(jì)。從軟、硬件兩方面對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分析與設(shè)計(jì)。其中,硬件部分設(shè)計(jì)主要是對(duì)元器件選型及相關(guān)電路的設(shè)計(jì),包含單片機(jī)、無線傳感模塊、土壤水分傳感器、空氣溫濕度傳感器、光照強(qiáng)度傳感器、風(fēng)速傳感器和中間繼電器等器件的選擇;灌溉系統(tǒng)電路板的設(shè)計(jì)與調(diào)試;模擬硬件平臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)。軟件設(shè)計(jì)包括兩部分,無線通訊部分和單片機(jī)部分,選擇Z-Stack協(xié)議棧在IAR Embedded Workbench平臺(tái)下開發(fā)調(diào)試;單片機(jī)程序開發(fā)平臺(tái)使用Keil UV4,單片機(jī)的運(yùn)行程序設(shè)計(jì)采用輪詢式,對(duì)自定義地址進(jìn)行識(shí)別,確定節(jié)點(diǎn)類型后進(jìn)入執(zhí)行子程序。分析比較了多種灌溉模型,在調(diào)虧灌溉理論、模糊控制原理和ZigBee無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了由兩個(gè)模塊協(xié)作的寒地水稻智能灌溉策略。該智能灌溉決策由模糊控制灌溉與預(yù)測(cè)灌溉兩部分組成。模糊灌溉模塊,運(yùn)用調(diào)虧理論分析寒地水稻的生長(zhǎng)特性,確定各生育期的需水情況,以土壤濕度偏差量和溫度作為模糊控制器的輸入量,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)寒地水稻灌溉更加精確的控制。預(yù)測(cè)灌溉模塊,結(jié)合環(huán)境參數(shù)建立土壤水分流失模型,設(shè)計(jì)預(yù)測(cè)灌溉機(jī)制,預(yù)測(cè)灌溉時(shí)刻前休眠各節(jié)點(diǎn),能夠節(jié)約能源,延長(zhǎng)使用壽命。經(jīng)過對(duì)寒地水稻智能灌溉系統(tǒng)的多次性能測(cè)試,本設(shè)計(jì)建立的無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)的通訊情況穩(wěn)定可靠,完成了數(shù)據(jù)采集及傳輸?shù)娜蝿?wù);各傳感器測(cè)試正常,測(cè)量精度在設(shè)計(jì)要求的范圍內(nèi);系統(tǒng)整體運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定,能夠按照設(shè)計(jì)要求執(zhí)行灌溉操作,大大提高了寒地水稻的灌溉效率,降低了成本投入,節(jié)約水資源,對(duì)于精細(xì)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:Agriculture, as a large-scale basic industry with the most extensive distribution area and the most complex management project in the national economy, is affected by natural conditions and social and economic factors. There is a great demand for water resources. In the face of the increasing shortage of water resources, It has brought great pressure to the survival of human beings and the sustainable development of society. As a large country of rice production, in the process of rice planting, in order to pursue the high yield of crops, the transitional irrigation input of farmland has caused a huge waste of water resources. Efficient use of agricultural input, saving water resources and improving rice quality has become an urgent need for the development of rice industry. Therefore, the development direction of modern agriculture should change the mode of rice production and irrigation at the present stage, develop intelligent irrigation technology, make efficient use of water resources, reduce the input of human and material resources, and improve the agricultural profit at the same time. In this design, ZigBee technology is used to construct wireless sensor network, combined with single chip microcomputer control technology, regulated deficit irrigation theory and fuzzy control principle, a set of intelligent irrigation system for cold rice is completed, which is based on the physiological characteristics of cold rice. Complete timely and appropriate automatic irrigation. The whole architecture design of intelligent irrigation system for rice in cold region is composed of ZigBee communication platform, single chip microcomputer central controller and irrigation equipment. The system is analyzed and designed from two aspects of software and hardware. Among them, the hardware design is mainly for the selection of components and the design of related circuits, including single-chip microcomputer, wireless sensing module, soil moisture sensor, air temperature and humidity sensor, light intensity sensor, Selection of wind speed sensors and intermediate relays; Design and debugging of circuit board of irrigation system; design of analog hardware platform. The software design includes two parts, the wireless communication part and the single-chip microcomputer part. The Z-Stack protocol stack is selected to be developed and debugged under the IAR Embedded Workbench platform. The single chip microcomputer program development platform uses the running program design of Keil UV4, single chip microcomputer to identify the custom address, determine the node type and enter the execution subroutine. Based on the theory of regulated deficit irrigation, fuzzy control principle and the communication characteristics of ZigBee wireless sensor network, an intelligent irrigation strategy for cold region rice was designed based on the analysis and comparison of various irrigation models. The intelligent irrigation decision consists of fuzzy control irrigation and predictive irrigation. In the fuzzy irrigation module, the growth characteristics of rice in cold region are analyzed by using the theory of regulation deficit, and the water demand in each growth period is determined. The deviation of soil moisture and temperature are used as the input of fuzzy controller to realize more accurate control of rice irrigation in cold region. The prediction irrigation module, combined with the environmental parameters to establish the soil water loss model, design and predict the irrigation mechanism, predict the dormancy of each node before the irrigation time, can save energy and prolong the service life. After many performance tests on the intelligent irrigation system of rice in cold region, the communication situation of the wireless sensor network established in this design is stable and reliable, and the task of data acquisition and transmission is completed. The test of each sensor is normal, and the measurement accuracy is within the range required by the design. The whole operation of the system is stable, and the irrigation operation can be carried out according to the design requirements, which greatly improves the irrigation efficiency of rice in cold regions, reduces the cost input and saves water resources, which is of great significance for the development of fine agriculture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S511;TN92

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