ZigBee無線傳感網(wǎng)絡下寒地水稻智能灌溉系統(tǒng)的研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-20 13:01
【摘要】：農業(yè)作為國民經(jīng)濟中分布區(qū)域最廣泛、經(jīng)營項目最復雜、受自然條件和社會經(jīng)濟因素多方面影響的大型基礎性產業(yè),對水資源有著巨大需求量,面對水資源日益短缺的現(xiàn)狀,對人類的生存和社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展都帶來了巨大的壓力。我國作為產稻大國,在水稻種植過程中,為了追求作物的高產,對農田的過渡灌溉投入造成了水資源的巨大浪費。高效的利用農業(yè)投入、節(jié)約水資源和提高水稻品質已成為大力發(fā)展水稻產業(yè)的迫切需求。因此,現(xiàn)代化農業(yè)的發(fā)展方向要改變現(xiàn)階段水稻的生產灌溉方式,發(fā)展智能灌溉技術,高效的利用水資源,減少人力物力投入的同時提高農業(yè)利潤。本設計運用ZigBee技術組建無線傳感網(wǎng)絡,結合單片機控制技術、調虧灌溉理論和模糊控制原理,完成了一套針對寒地水稻智能灌溉系統(tǒng)的設計,該系統(tǒng)根據(jù)寒地水稻的生理特性,完成適時適量的自動化灌溉。由ZigBee通訊平臺、單片機中央控制器和灌溉設備構成了寒地水稻智能灌溉系統(tǒng)的整體構架設計。從軟、硬件兩方面對系統(tǒng)進行分析與設計。其中,硬件部分設計主要是對元器件選型及相關電路的設計,包含單片機、無線傳感模塊、土壤水分傳感器、空氣溫濕度傳感器、光照強度傳感器、風速傳感器和中間繼電器等器件的選擇;灌溉系統(tǒng)電路板的設計與調試;模擬硬件平臺的設計。軟件設計包括兩部分,無線通訊部分和單片機部分,選擇Z-Stack協(xié)議棧在IAR Embedded Workbench平臺下開發(fā)調試;單片機程序開發(fā)平臺使用Keil UV4,單片機的運行程序設計采用輪詢式,對自定義地址進行識別,確定節(jié)點類型后進入執(zhí)行子程序。分析比較了多種灌溉模型,在調虧灌溉理論、模糊控制原理和ZigBee無線傳感網(wǎng)絡通信特點的基礎上設計了由兩個模塊協(xié)作的寒地水稻智能灌溉策略。該智能灌溉決策由模糊控制灌溉與預測灌溉兩部分組成。模糊灌溉模塊,運用調虧理論分析寒地水稻的生長特性,確定各生育期的需水情況,以土壤濕度偏差量和溫度作為模糊控制器的輸入量,實現(xiàn)對寒地水稻灌溉更加精確的控制。預測灌溉模塊,結合環(huán)境參數(shù)建立土壤水分流失模型,設計預測灌溉機制,預測灌溉時刻前休眠各節(jié)點,能夠節(jié)約能源,延長使用壽命。經(jīng)過對寒地水稻智能灌溉系統(tǒng)的多次性能測試,本設計建立的無線傳感網(wǎng)絡的通訊情況穩(wěn)定可靠,完成了數(shù)據(jù)采集及傳輸?shù)娜蝿?各傳感器測試正常,測量精度在設計要求的范圍內;系統(tǒng)整體運行穩(wěn)定,能夠按照設計要求執(zhí)行灌溉操作,大大提高了寒地水稻的灌溉效率,降低了成本投入,節(jié)約水資源,對于精細農業(yè)的發(fā)展有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:Agriculture, as a large-scale basic industry with the most extensive distribution area and the most complex management project in the national economy, is affected by natural conditions and social and economic factors. There is a great demand for water resources. In the face of the increasing shortage of water resources, It has brought great pressure to the survival of human beings and the sustainable development of society. As a large country of rice production, in the process of rice planting, in order to pursue the high yield of crops, the transitional irrigation input of farmland has caused a huge waste of water resources. Efficient use of agricultural input, saving water resources and improving rice quality has become an urgent need for the development of rice industry. Therefore, the development direction of modern agriculture should change the mode of rice production and irrigation at the present stage, develop intelligent irrigation technology, make efficient use of water resources, reduce the input of human and material resources, and improve the agricultural profit at the same time. In this design, ZigBee technology is used to construct wireless sensor network, combined with single chip microcomputer control technology, regulated deficit irrigation theory and fuzzy control principle, a set of intelligent irrigation system for cold rice is completed, which is based on the physiological characteristics of cold rice. Complete timely and appropriate automatic irrigation. The whole architecture design of intelligent irrigation system for rice in cold region is composed of ZigBee communication platform, single chip microcomputer central controller and irrigation equipment. The system is analyzed and designed from two aspects of software and hardware. Among them, the hardware design is mainly for the selection of components and the design of related circuits, including single-chip microcomputer, wireless sensing module, soil moisture sensor, air temperature and humidity sensor, light intensity sensor, Selection of wind speed sensors and intermediate relays; Design and debugging of circuit board of irrigation system; design of analog hardware platform. The software design includes two parts, the wireless communication part and the single-chip microcomputer part. The Z-Stack protocol stack is selected to be developed and debugged under the IAR Embedded Workbench platform. The single chip microcomputer program development platform uses the running program design of Keil UV4, single chip microcomputer to identify the custom address, determine the node type and enter the execution subroutine. Based on the theory of regulated deficit irrigation, fuzzy control principle and the communication characteristics of ZigBee wireless sensor network, an intelligent irrigation strategy for cold region rice was designed based on the analysis and comparison of various irrigation models. The intelligent irrigation decision consists of fuzzy control irrigation and predictive irrigation. In the fuzzy irrigation module, the growth characteristics of rice in cold region are analyzed by using the theory of regulation deficit, and the water demand in each growth period is determined. The deviation of soil moisture and temperature are used as the input of fuzzy controller to realize more accurate control of rice irrigation in cold region. The prediction irrigation module, combined with the environmental parameters to establish the soil water loss model, design and predict the irrigation mechanism, predict the dormancy of each node before the irrigation time, can save energy and prolong the service life. After many performance tests on the intelligent irrigation system of rice in cold region, the communication situation of the wireless sensor network established in this design is stable and reliable, and the task of data acquisition and transmission is completed. The test of each sensor is normal, and the measurement accuracy is within the range required by the design. The whole operation of the system is stable, and the irrigation operation can be carried out according to the design requirements, which greatly improves the irrigation efficiency of rice in cold regions, reduces the cost input and saves water resources, which is of great significance for the development of fine agriculture.
【學位授予單位】：東北農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511;TN92
本文編號：2481663
[Abstract]:Agriculture, as a large-scale basic industry with the most extensive distribution area and the most complex management project in the national economy, is affected by natural conditions and social and economic factors. There is a great demand for water resources. In the face of the increasing shortage of water resources, It has brought great pressure to the survival of human beings and the sustainable development of society. As a large country of rice production, in the process of rice planting, in order to pursue the high yield of crops, the transitional irrigation input of farmland has caused a huge waste of water resources. Efficient use of agricultural input, saving water resources and improving rice quality has become an urgent need for the development of rice industry. Therefore, the development direction of modern agriculture should change the mode of rice production and irrigation at the present stage, develop intelligent irrigation technology, make efficient use of water resources, reduce the input of human and material resources, and improve the agricultural profit at the same time. In this design, ZigBee technology is used to construct wireless sensor network, combined with single chip microcomputer control technology, regulated deficit irrigation theory and fuzzy control principle, a set of intelligent irrigation system for cold rice is completed, which is based on the physiological characteristics of cold rice. Complete timely and appropriate automatic irrigation. The whole architecture design of intelligent irrigation system for rice in cold region is composed of ZigBee communication platform, single chip microcomputer central controller and irrigation equipment. The system is analyzed and designed from two aspects of software and hardware. Among them, the hardware design is mainly for the selection of components and the design of related circuits, including single-chip microcomputer, wireless sensing module, soil moisture sensor, air temperature and humidity sensor, light intensity sensor, Selection of wind speed sensors and intermediate relays; Design and debugging of circuit board of irrigation system; design of analog hardware platform. The software design includes two parts, the wireless communication part and the single-chip microcomputer part. The Z-Stack protocol stack is selected to be developed and debugged under the IAR Embedded Workbench platform. The single chip microcomputer program development platform uses the running program design of Keil UV4, single chip microcomputer to identify the custom address, determine the node type and enter the execution subroutine. Based on the theory of regulated deficit irrigation, fuzzy control principle and the communication characteristics of ZigBee wireless sensor network, an intelligent irrigation strategy for cold region rice was designed based on the analysis and comparison of various irrigation models. The intelligent irrigation decision consists of fuzzy control irrigation and predictive irrigation. In the fuzzy irrigation module, the growth characteristics of rice in cold region are analyzed by using the theory of regulation deficit, and the water demand in each growth period is determined. The deviation of soil moisture and temperature are used as the input of fuzzy controller to realize more accurate control of rice irrigation in cold region. The prediction irrigation module, combined with the environmental parameters to establish the soil water loss model, design and predict the irrigation mechanism, predict the dormancy of each node before the irrigation time, can save energy and prolong the service life. After many performance tests on the intelligent irrigation system of rice in cold region, the communication situation of the wireless sensor network established in this design is stable and reliable, and the task of data acquisition and transmission is completed. The test of each sensor is normal, and the measurement accuracy is within the range required by the design. The whole operation of the system is stable, and the irrigation operation can be carried out according to the design requirements, which greatly improves the irrigation efficiency of rice in cold regions, reduces the cost input and saves water resources, which is of great significance for the development of fine agriculture.
【學位授予單位】：東北農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511;TN92
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