【摘要】：目前,全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(GNSS,Global Navigation Satellite System)的發(fā)展日新月異,已成為發(fā)達(dá)國家和部分發(fā)展中國家空間領(lǐng)土、科技水平和軍事博弈的重要戰(zhàn)場(chǎng),美國的GPS(Global Positioning System)、俄羅斯的GLONASS、歐洲的GALILEO、中國的北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System)等在GNSS中占有重要地位。北斗系統(tǒng)經(jīng)過長足的發(fā)展,目前已經(jīng)發(fā)展到實(shí)現(xiàn)亞太地區(qū)的定位、導(dǎo)航和短報(bào)文通信全覆蓋,提供給授權(quán)用戶和開放用戶多種用戶體驗(yàn),支持大批量的用戶實(shí)現(xiàn)較為精密的定位和導(dǎo)航服務(wù),并計(jì)劃到2020年實(shí)現(xiàn)全球覆蓋。但是隨著服務(wù)領(lǐng)域的日益增多,用戶對(duì)定位導(dǎo)航精度和速度要求的不斷提升,接收機(jī)所處惡劣環(huán)境的不斷增多,都給各系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展提供了重要機(jī)遇,也帶來了巨大挑戰(zhàn),因此研究定位導(dǎo)航接收機(jī)基帶信號(hào)處理算法,提高接收機(jī)定位導(dǎo)航性能具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和巨大發(fā)展空間。北斗接收機(jī)是北斗系統(tǒng)在用戶端的重要平臺(tái),用戶接收衛(wèi)星信號(hào),到最終完成定位導(dǎo)航解算,生成定位導(dǎo)航數(shù)據(jù)或完成其他輔助功能都是在接收機(jī)這一層面實(shí)現(xiàn)。各系統(tǒng)在不斷優(yōu)化發(fā)展中提高導(dǎo)航定位性能,常用的改進(jìn)信號(hào)體制方法涉及全局規(guī)劃,較難實(shí)現(xiàn);優(yōu)化天線選址受地形影響較大;創(chuàng)新天線設(shè)計(jì)帶來較大的硬件損耗。本文主要研究北斗接收機(jī)基帶信號(hào)處理中捕獲和跟蹤兩個(gè)重要信號(hào)處理過程的優(yōu)化和改進(jìn),先后詳細(xì)分析了北斗系統(tǒng)定位原理、信號(hào)構(gòu)成、系統(tǒng)組成和接收機(jī)工作原理,北斗接收機(jī)的捕獲原理,以及捕獲領(lǐng)域國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀。針對(duì)城市環(huán)境中干擾信號(hào)多,對(duì)北斗系統(tǒng)捕獲衛(wèi)星信號(hào)帶來的影響,本文提出了基于小波變換的北斗系統(tǒng)抗干擾捕獲算法,首先對(duì)接收信號(hào)進(jìn)行相關(guān)積分和差分累加,使用Meyer小波進(jìn)行分解,而后比較分解后各頻段的能量,通過比較結(jié)果確定窄帶噪聲所在頻帶,將噪聲所在頻帶的系數(shù)進(jìn)行衰減,最后重構(gòu)信號(hào)從而實(shí)現(xiàn)窄帶干擾的剔除。實(shí)驗(yàn)仿真證明該方法能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)單天線情況下抵抗窄帶連續(xù)波干擾,接收機(jī)捕獲增益平均提高5dB。同時(shí),針對(duì)城市高樓林立的狹窄街道環(huán)境,北斗接收機(jī)接收衛(wèi)星信號(hào)常常被遮擋,導(dǎo)致跟蹤環(huán)路失鎖而不能正常解算導(dǎo)航數(shù)據(jù)的問題,本文提出了基于改進(jìn)的擴(kuò)展卡爾曼濾波器的矢量跟蹤算法,通過耦合各通道的信號(hào)特征,實(shí)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)信號(hào)輔助弱信號(hào)跟蹤,從而在衛(wèi)星信號(hào)被遮擋的情況下依然保持較為精準(zhǔn)的定位。實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,在城市街道環(huán)境中,北斗接收機(jī)接收可見星數(shù)量不足4顆時(shí),本文算法依然能實(shí)現(xiàn)較為精準(zhǔn)的定位。本文在改進(jìn)接收機(jī)基帶信號(hào)處理層面,區(qū)分捕獲和跟蹤兩個(gè)過程,有針對(duì)性地給出了每個(gè)過程算法的優(yōu)化和改進(jìn),在不增加硬件損耗和算法復(fù)雜度的前提下提高了接收機(jī)定位解算的速度和精度,為北斗接收機(jī)軟件優(yōu)化提供了一定的借鑒和參考。
[Abstract]:At present, with the rapid development of global satellite navigation system (GNSS,Global Navigation Satellite System), it has become an important battlefield of space territory, scientific and technological level and military game between developed and some developing countries, the GPS (Global Positioning System), of the United States Russia's GLONASS, Europe's GALILEO, China's Beidou Satellite Navigation system (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System) plays an important role in GNSS. After considerable development, Beidou system has now developed to realize the positioning of the Asia-Pacific region, navigation and short message communication coverage, providing a variety of user experiences for authorized and open users. Support a large number of users to achieve more sophisticated positioning and navigation services, and plans to achieve global coverage by 2020. However, with the increasing number of service areas, the increasing requirements of users for positioning and navigation accuracy and speed, and the increasing number of harsh environments for receivers, all provide important opportunities for the development of each system, and also bring great challenges to the development of each system. Therefore, studying the baseband signal processing algorithm of the positioning and navigation receiver, and improving the performance of the positioning and navigation of the receiver has important practical significance and huge development space. Beidou receiver is an important platform of Beidou system at the client end. When the user receives the satellite signal, finally completes the positioning and navigation solution, generates the positioning and navigation data or completes other auxiliary functions, it is realized at the receiver level. In the continuous optimization and development of each system, the navigation and positioning performance is improved, and the commonly used improved signal system method involves global planning, which is difficult to realize; the optimization of antenna location is greatly affected by the terrain; and the innovative antenna design brings greater hardware loss. In this paper, the optimization and improvement of acquisition and tracking two important signal processing processes in Beidou receiver baseband signal processing are studied. The positioning principle, signal composition, system composition and receiver working principle of Beidou system are analyzed in detail. The acquisition principle of Beidou receiver and the research status in the field of acquisition at home and abroad. In view of the influence of many interference signals in urban environment on the acquisition of satellite signals by Beidou system, this paper presents an anti-jamming acquisition algorithm for Beidou system based on wavelet transform. The Meyer wavelet is used to decompose, and then the energy of each band is compared. The frequency band of narrow band noise is determined by comparing the results, and the coefficients of the band of noise are attenuated. Finally, the signal is reconstructed to eliminate the narrowband interference. The simulation results show that the proposed method can resist narrow band continuous wave interference in the case of a single antenna, and the acquisition gain of the receiver can be increased by 5 dB on average. At the same time, aiming at the narrow street environment with high buildings in the city, the Beidou receiver is often blocked from receiving satellite signals, which leads to the problem that the tracking loop is out of lock and the navigation data can not be solved normally. In this paper, a vector tracking algorithm based on the improved extended Kalman filter is proposed. By coupling the signal characteristics of each channel, strong signal-assisted weak signal tracking is realized. Thus, when the satellite signal is occluded, the location is still more accurate. Experimental results show that when the number of visible stars received by the Beidou receiver is less than 4 in the urban street environment, the algorithm in this paper can still achieve more accurate positioning. In this paper, in improving the receiver baseband signal processing level, the acquisition and tracking processes are distinguished, and the optimization and improvement of each process algorithm is given. Without increasing the hardware loss and the complexity of the algorithm, the speed and accuracy of the positioning solution of the receiver are improved, which provides some reference for the software optimization of the Beidou receiver.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TN967.1

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