本文選題：多路徑誤差 + BDS�。� 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,我國自主研發(fā)設(shè)計的北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航定位系統(tǒng)(BDS)得到了迅猛發(fā)展,并已具備了在亞太地區(qū)向用戶提供實時高精度的定位、導(dǎo)航、授時服務(wù)的能力。隨著BDS系統(tǒng)的不斷完善及研究的不斷深入,BDS已經(jīng)具備了高精度定位的能力,并已成功應(yīng)用于高精度的變形監(jiān)測中。在大型建筑物、橋梁、大壩等復(fù)雜環(huán)境下的變形監(jiān)測中,BDS定位結(jié)果易受到各種誤差的影響,通常在站間、星間求雙差可消除對流層誤差、電離層誤差、接收機(jī)鐘差等誤差的影響。而由測站環(huán)境引起的信號干涉形成的多路徑誤差成為了影響定位結(jié)果的重要誤差源。因此如何減弱該誤差對定位結(jié)果的影響,成為BDS高精度變形監(jiān)測中不可忽視的重要問題。論文針對BDS多路徑誤差問題,對多路徑誤差數(shù)學(xué)模型、BDS多路徑誤差特性、濾波方法及多路徑誤差建模及改正措施等,進(jìn)行了廣泛研究。本文的主要工作和成果可歸納如下:1、研究了多路徑誤差數(shù)學(xué)模型,分析了多路徑誤差的周期、頻率等特征。重點研究了影響多路徑誤差大小的相關(guān)因素,并詳細(xì)給出了反射系數(shù)、反射體到接收機(jī)天線的水平距離及反射信號的入射角等,對多路徑誤差影響。2、為獲取BDS多路徑誤差特性,研究總結(jié)了BDS不同星座結(jié)構(gòu)衛(wèi)星的軌道運行特性,通過對實測數(shù)據(jù)處理,發(fā)現(xiàn)了不同星座結(jié)構(gòu)衛(wèi)星具有不同的軌道運行重復(fù)周期,如GEO、IGSO衛(wèi)星的軌道重復(fù)周期約為1個恒星日,MEO衛(wèi)星對應(yīng)的軌道重復(fù)周期約為7個恒星日。且各個衛(wèi)星對應(yīng)的軌道重復(fù)周期在不同時刻具有不同的時間提前量。為此,在論文中引入了單差殘差法,通過分析各個衛(wèi)星對應(yīng)的載波相位觀測值單差殘差在相鄰兩天間的相關(guān)性,發(fā)現(xiàn)了在互相關(guān)系數(shù)取得最大值的位置信息,與該衛(wèi)星對應(yīng)軌道重復(fù)周期的時間提前量相符合。驗證了采用基于載波相位觀測值單差殘差提取多路徑誤差并進(jìn)行改正的可行性。3、介紹了多路徑誤差建模中常用的濾波方法。通過模擬信號,總結(jié)了最佳小波基函數(shù)及對應(yīng)最佳分解層數(shù)確定的方法,確定了sym6小波及最佳分解層數(shù)。并對比了EMD分解的濾波性能。最后將兩種方法用于實測BDS數(shù)據(jù)的多路徑誤差建模及改正。驗證了sym6小波用于減弱BDS多路徑誤差,提高定位結(jié)果精度的優(yōu)越性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the Beidou Satellite Navigation and Positioning system (BDS), which has been developed and designed independently in China, has been developed rapidly and has the ability to provide real-time and high-precision positioning, navigation and time service to users in the Asia-Pacific region. With the continuous improvement of BDS system and the deepening of research, BDS has the ability of high-precision positioning, and has been successfully applied in high-precision deformation monitoring. In the deformation monitoring of large buildings, bridges, dams and other complex environments, the results of BDS positioning are easily affected by various errors. In general, the error of troposphere and ionosphere can be eliminated by calculating the double difference between satellites. The influence of receiver clock error. The multipath error caused by the signal interference is an important error source. Therefore, how to reduce the influence of this error on the positioning results has become an important problem in BDS high precision deformation monitoring. Aiming at the problem of multipath error of BDS, the characteristics of multipath error, filtering method, modeling and correcting measures of multipath error are studied extensively in this paper. The main work and results of this paper can be summarized as follows: 1. The mathematical model of multipath error is studied, and the characteristics of period and frequency of multipath error are analyzed. The factors influencing the multipath error are studied in detail. The reflection coefficient, the horizontal distance from the reflector to the receiver antenna and the incident angle of the reflected signal are given in detail. The orbit characteristics of BDS satellites with different constellation structures are summarized. By processing the measured data, it is found that different constellation satellites have different orbit repeat periods. For example, the orbit repetition period of GEOOGSO satellite is about 1 star day and the corresponding orbit repeat period of MEO satellite is about 7 star days. And the orbit repeat period of each satellite has different time advance at different time. For this reason, the single difference residual method is introduced in this paper. By analyzing the correlation between the carrier phase observation values of each satellite and the adjacent two days, the position information of the maximum value in the number of mutual relations is found. It coincides with the time advance of the satellite's corresponding orbit repetition period. The feasibility of extracting and correcting multipath errors based on carrier phase observations is verified. The filtering methods commonly used in multipath error modeling are introduced. The method of determining the optimal wavelet basis function and the corresponding optimal decomposition layer number is summarized through the analog signal, and the sym6 wavelet and the optimal decomposition layer number are determined. The filtering performance of EMD decomposition is compared. Finally, two methods are used to model and correct the multipath error of BDS data. The superiority of sym6 wavelet to reduce the multipath error and improve the accuracy of location results is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN967.1

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