本文選題：陣列天線 + 四維天線��； 參考：《電子科技大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：陣列天線是無線電子系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵器件,其特性影響整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的性能�，F(xiàn)代無線電系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展日新月異,系統(tǒng)所處的電磁環(huán)境也愈形復(fù)雜,凡此種種對(duì)天線輻射口徑與輻射性能提出苛刻要求。而現(xiàn)有天線理論與技術(shù)都是通過幅相控制,僅在空間上對(duì)輻射能量進(jìn)行調(diào)配,難以解決某些復(fù)雜的陣列輻射問題。另一方面,未來作戰(zhàn)平臺(tái)無線電子系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是,在復(fù)雜的電磁環(huán)境下實(shí)現(xiàn)偵察、干擾、探測(cè)、通信一體化。這要求天線也越來越趨于多種功能的高度集成化,研究超寬工作頻帶覆蓋的相控陣天線勢(shì)在必行。而傳統(tǒng)相控陣天線受限于單元間互耦效應(yīng),難以進(jìn)一步拓展阻抗帶寬。因此,必須從天線輻射的物理本質(zhì)出發(fā),尋求陣列輻射控制新機(jī)理與波束形成新技術(shù)。為因應(yīng)上述傳統(tǒng)陣列天線的挑戰(zhàn)與需求,本論文從時(shí)域Maxwell方程中的空時(shí)四維場(chǎng)源關(guān)系與傳統(tǒng)被視為天線設(shè)計(jì)阻礙的互耦效應(yīng)兩個(gè)角度出發(fā),開展兩種基于新機(jī)理的陣列天線技術(shù)—四維天線陣與強(qiáng)互耦寬帶相控陣—的基礎(chǔ)理論與關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究。重點(diǎn)研究了四維天線陣的復(fù)雜賦形波束高效形成及其在雷達(dá)中的應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ),以及利用陣元間強(qiáng)互耦效應(yīng)拓展相控陣阻抗帶寬等幾個(gè)方面。論文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容與成果概述如下:1.四維天線陣的復(fù)雜賦形波束高效綜合針對(duì)大型面陣的高效波束形成應(yīng)用,提出基于四維天線陣的復(fù)雜賦形波束高效綜合方法。該方法聯(lián)合了Woodward-Lawson法與差分進(jìn)化算法,同時(shí)具備解析方法與優(yōu)化方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。研究了直角坐標(biāo)系下三維方向圖的幾種呈現(xiàn)方式,提出可繪出極坐標(biāo)三維圖形效果的直角坐標(biāo)圖之方法。利用遺傳算法優(yōu)化饋電相位,改善數(shù)字移相器量化饋相引起的副瓣惡化。數(shù)值結(jié)果顯示四維天線陣在極低的動(dòng)態(tài)范圍比情況下,可以綜合出具有低副瓣低波紋抖動(dòng)度的復(fù)雜形狀方向圖。2.四維天線陣在MIMO雷達(dá)中的應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)探討四維天線陣在MIMO系統(tǒng)中的適用條件,推導(dǎo)出調(diào)制時(shí)序之限定形式。提出一種基于子陣化四維天線陣的MIMO雷達(dá)—STM-MIMO雷達(dá)。將雷達(dá)的發(fā)射天線劃分為若干重疊的子陣,每個(gè)子陣受高速射頻開關(guān)調(diào)控并發(fā)射相互正交的波形,接收端使用常規(guī)均勻線陣接收目標(biāo)回波信號(hào)。然后分析STM-MIMO雷達(dá)的非自適應(yīng)波束形成與自適應(yīng)波束形成,并與MIMO雷達(dá)和相控陣?yán)走_(dá)進(jìn)行比較研究。與波束形成密切相關(guān)的參數(shù)如時(shí)序,干擾源數(shù)目,噪聲,子陣數(shù)目等均被考慮并分析其影響。數(shù)值算例的結(jié)果顯示,STM-MIMO雷達(dá)在波束形成、輸出信干噪比等方面具有出色的性能。3.基于四維天線陣的雷達(dá)測(cè)向新技術(shù)基于一種單向相位中心運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)序,發(fā)現(xiàn)工作于此種時(shí)序的四維天線陣在進(jìn)行發(fā)射/接收時(shí),通過提取信號(hào)載波產(chǎn)生的多普勒頻率即可測(cè)定目標(biāo)之方位角。提出了基于四維天線陣的新型雷達(dá)測(cè)向系統(tǒng)架構(gòu),并詳述其工作原理,給出初步仿真模擬結(jié)果。最后加工八單元印刷偶極子四維天線陣,搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),展開四維天線陣測(cè)向技術(shù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。測(cè)試結(jié)果證實(shí)了這種測(cè)向新方法的有效性。通過對(duì)比,展示該方法相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)測(cè)向技術(shù)具有若干優(yōu)勢(shì)。4.基于強(qiáng)互耦效應(yīng)的超寬帶共孔徑相控陣天線根據(jù)單元間互耦效應(yīng)與阻抗帶寬之間的關(guān)系,設(shè)計(jì)出一款寬帶相控陣印刷偶極子單元。進(jìn)一步,提出一種高低頻段天線共孔徑方案,在E面組成等間距線陣(低頻天線八單元,高頻天線二十四單元),在一副口徑上實(shí)現(xiàn)了更寬頻帶的超寬帶阻抗帶寬范圍與寬掃描角范圍。針對(duì)共孔徑天線掃描時(shí)高頻段出現(xiàn)的柵瓣現(xiàn)象,從天線輻射機(jī)理探究其成因,然后在高低頻天線之間引入電磁帶隙結(jié)構(gòu),顯著抑制了柵瓣電平。
[Abstract]:The array antenna is the key component of the wireless electronic system. Its characteristics affect the performance of the whole system. The development of the modern radio system is changing with each passing day. The electromagnetic environment in the system is more complicated. All these have a strict requirement for the radiant aperture and radiation performance of the antenna. The existing antenna theory and technology are controlled by amplitude and phase, only It is difficult to solve some complex array radiation problems in space. On the other hand, the development trend of wireless electronic system in future operational platform is to realize reconnaissance, interference, detection and communication in complex electromagnetic environment. The phased array antenna with wide bandwidth coverage is imperative. While the traditional phased array antenna is limited to the mutual coupling effect between the units, it is difficult to further expand the impedance bandwidth. Therefore, the new mechanism of array radiation control and the new beam forming technology must be sought from the physical nature of the antenna radiation. In this paper, the basic theory and key technology of two new mechanism array antenna array and strong mutual coupling wideband phased array are studied from the two angles of the space time four dimensional field source relation in the time domain Maxwell equation and the mutual coupling effect considered as the traditional antenna design impediment. The research of the basic theory and key technology of the four dimension antenna array and the strong mutual coupling wideband phased array is studied. The efficient formation of complex shaped beamforming and its application in radar, and the use of strong mutual coupling effect to expand the impedance bandwidth of phased array. The main contents and achievements of this paper are summarized as follows: 1. the complex shaped beam of the four dimensional antenna array is highly efficient for the application of high efficient beamforming for large array. This method combines the Woodward-Lawson method and the differential evolution algorithm based on the four dimensional antenna array. This method combines the advantages of the analytic method and the optimization method. It studies several ways of presenting the three-dimensional direction map under the Cartesian coordinate system, and puts forward the square coordinate graph which can draw the three-dimensional graphic effect of the polar coordinates. Method. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the feed phase and improve the sidelobe deterioration caused by the digital phase shifter. The numerical results show that a four dimensional antenna array with a low sidelobe and low waviness can synthesize a complex shape pattern with low sidelobe and low ripple dither.2. four dimensional sky line array in the MIMO radar. The suitable condition of the antenna array in the MIMO system derives the limited form of the modulation sequence. A MIMO radar - STM-MIMO radar based on the subarray four dimensional antenna array is proposed. The radar transmitting antenna is divided into several overlapping subarrays. Each subarray is controlled by the high-speed radio frequency switch to shoot the orthogonal waveforms of each other, and the receiver uses the routine. The uniform linear array receives the target echo signal. Then the non adaptive beamforming and adaptive beamforming of STM-MIMO radar are analyzed and compared with the MIMO radar and phased array radar. The parameters such as time series, the number of interference sources, noise and the number of subarrays are considered and analyzed. The results show that the STM-MIMO radar has excellent performance in beamforming, output signal to noise ratio, and so on..3. based on four dimensional antenna array is based on a one-way phase center motion sequence. It is found that the Doppler frequency produced by the signal carrier is extracted when the four dimensional antenna array working in this time sequence is transmitted and received. The azimuth angle of the target can be measured by the rate. A new radar direction finding system based on the four-dimensional antenna array is proposed, and its working principle is described and the preliminary simulation results are given. Finally, the eight unit printed dipole four dimension antenna array is processed, the experimental platform is built, and the experimental research of the four dimension antenna array direction finding technique is carried out. The test results confirm this The effectiveness of a new approach is presented. By contrast, it is shown that the method has several advantages relative to the traditional direction finding technology..4. based on the strong mutual coupling effect, a broadband phased array printed dipole unit is designed based on the relationship between the mutual coupling effect and the impedance bandwidth. The common aperture scheme of low frequency antenna is made up of an equal interval linear array (eight unit of low frequency antenna and twenty-four unit of high frequency antenna) on the E surface. The wideband impedance bandwidth and wide scanning angle range of the broadband band are realized on one pair of aperture. Then, the electromagnetic band gap structure is introduced between the high and low frequency antennas, and the gate lobe level is significantly suppressed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN820

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本文編號(hào)：1911309