本文選題：車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)　切入點：路由協(xié)議　出處：《江蘇大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network,VANET)由Ad Hoc網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展而來,主要應(yīng)用于車輛的追蹤、導(dǎo)航、路況檢測及道路交通安全預(yù)警等。VANET網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點密度大且高速移動,導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲頻繁變化,使得現(xiàn)有的Ad Hoc路由協(xié)議難以滿足VANET網(wǎng)絡(luò)的環(huán)境。城市作為VANET網(wǎng)絡(luò)的主要應(yīng)用場景,研究適用于城市場景的可靠路由協(xié)議,對于VANET網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展具有重大意義。在VANET網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由協(xié)議方面,大多數(shù)研究都只在Ad Hoc網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)上做了改進,真正結(jié)合VANET網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用場景和車輛節(jié)點特性的研究工作較少,而且現(xiàn)有的路由方法往往要借助一些輔助信息,如車輛分布情況、道路分布情況等。本文就城市場景中的VANET網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由協(xié)議進行研究,主要完成了以下工作:對現(xiàn)有Ad Hoc網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由協(xié)議進行了簡單歸類,并分析比較了各類路由協(xié)議用于VANET網(wǎng)絡(luò)的優(yōu)缺點。結(jié)合VANET網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特點,基于分簇機制進行路由協(xié)議的設(shè)計更加適合城市場景需求。公交車作為一種獨特的車輛節(jié)點,具有大多數(shù)普通車輛節(jié)點不具備的優(yōu)點,其運行線路固定、相對速度較低、數(shù)目較少且易于管理控制。因此,利用公交節(jié)點進行提升路由性能的VANET路由協(xié)議設(shè)計研究。首先,對基于公交節(jié)點的數(shù)據(jù)分組傳輸模型進行改進,解決了不同線路公交節(jié)點間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸問題。然后,引進了網(wǎng)絡(luò)分簇策略,提出了城市場景中基于公交節(jié)點分簇的VANET路由算法(Based on Bus Node Clustering Routing,BBCR)。該算法以公交節(jié)點為簇首節(jié)點,將VANET網(wǎng)絡(luò)劃分為各個不同的簇,簇內(nèi)節(jié)點需共同維護同一張路由表,簇內(nèi)成員節(jié)點采取主動路由的方式,而簇首節(jié)點間則使用按需路由方式,通過分簇策略減少了整個VANET網(wǎng)絡(luò)中參與路由節(jié)點的數(shù)目,從而改善城市場景中因車輛節(jié)點數(shù)目龐大而造成的VANET網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁塞情況。利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)仿真軟件VanetMobiSim2.0和NS2對BBCR與AODV、CBRP和R2R協(xié)議進行性能比較。為了仿真比較的公平性,將AODV路由協(xié)議路由發(fā)現(xiàn)過程的洪泛廣播改為定向洪泛。結(jié)果表明,BBCR在數(shù)據(jù)分組投遞率、端到端平均時延、路徑節(jié)點跳數(shù)、歸一化開銷等性能上的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于其他三個協(xié)議。
[Abstract]:Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is developed from Ad Hoc network. It is mainly used in vehicle tracking, navigation, road condition detection and road traffic safety warning, which leads to frequent changes in network topology. The existing Ad Hoc routing protocol is difficult to satisfy the environment of VANET network. As the main application scenario of VANET network, the reliable routing protocol suitable for urban scenario is studied. It is of great significance to the development of VANET network. In the aspect of VANET network routing protocol, most of the researches have been improved only on the basis of Ad Hoc network routing protocol, but the research work of combining the application scenario of VANET network and the characteristics of vehicle nodes is less. Moreover, the existing routing methods often rely on some auxiliary information, such as vehicle distribution, road distribution, etc. In this paper, the VANET routing protocol in urban scenarios is studied. The main work is as follows: the existing Ad Hoc network routing protocols are simply classified, and the advantages and disadvantages of various routing protocols used in VANET networks are analyzed and compared. The design of routing protocol based on clustering mechanism is more suitable for urban scene requirements. As a unique vehicle node, bus has the advantages that most ordinary vehicle nodes do not have, its running line is fixed, and the relative speed is low. The number of bus nodes is small and easy to manage and control. Therefore, the design of VANET routing protocol based on bus nodes to improve routing performance is studied. Firstly, the data packet transmission model based on bus nodes is improved. The problem of data transmission between bus nodes on different lines is solved. Then, the network clustering strategy is introduced, and the VANET routing algorithm based on bus node clustering in urban scene is proposed. The algorithm takes the bus node as the cluster head node. The VANET network is divided into different clusters, the nodes in the cluster need to maintain the same routing table together, the member nodes in the cluster adopt the active routing mode, and the on-demand routing mode is used among the first nodes of the cluster. The number of participating routing nodes in the whole VANET network is reduced by clustering strategy. In order to improve the congestion of VANET network caused by the large number of vehicle nodes in the city scenario, the performance comparison between BBCR and AODVN CBRP and R2R protocols is carried out by using network simulation software VanetMobiSim2.0 and NS2. The flooding broadcast in the routing discovery process of AODV routing protocol is changed to directional flooding. The results show that the performance of AODV in data packet delivery rate, end-to-end average delay, path node hops and normalized overhead is superior to that of the other three protocols.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U495;TN929.5

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