本文選題：海水無(wú)機(jī)鹽　切入點(diǎn)：介電常數(shù)　出處：《河南師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：地球表面大部分被海水所覆蓋,我們每年能從海洋中獲得足夠多的海產(chǎn)品和海洋礦藏。海洋資源的開(kāi)發(fā)和利用在各國(guó)的發(fā)展中地位日益顯著,各國(guó)對(duì)海洋權(quán)益的不斷重視也促進(jìn)水下通信技術(shù)得到廣泛發(fā)展。水下低頻無(wú)線(xiàn)電波由于其傳播的穩(wěn)定可靠在對(duì)潛通信中得到廣泛研究,但是其波長(zhǎng)與天線(xiàn)長(zhǎng)度成正比關(guān)系,在工程實(shí)現(xiàn)中存在較大難度�，F(xiàn)在對(duì)水下無(wú)線(xiàn)通信研究國(guó)際難題是電磁波在海水中傳播有很大的衰減且沒(méi)有辦法進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)距離傳輸。因此為了能夠更好利用無(wú)線(xiàn)電波進(jìn)行水下通信,對(duì)電磁波水下傳輸特性研究是很有必要的,而這些特性是由介電常數(shù)的頻率特性決定的。海洋環(huán)境的復(fù)雜性也為研究工作帶來(lái)了很多困難,首先海水是弱導(dǎo)電介質(zhì),海洋中的各種動(dòng)力學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng),如海洋湍流、海面波動(dòng)產(chǎn)生海浪等各種不同海洋現(xiàn)象和海水洋流運(yùn)動(dòng)通過(guò)并切割地磁,產(chǎn)生很弱的電場(chǎng),而感生電場(chǎng)又能夠引起產(chǎn)生感生磁場(chǎng),海水感應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的微弱電磁場(chǎng)也對(duì)海水的介電常數(shù),電導(dǎo)率等電磁特性產(chǎn)生影響。因而研究靜磁場(chǎng)作用下海水介電特性對(duì)海洋電磁探測(cè),海洋遙感,水下通信等的研究是有很大意義的。本文作為水下電磁波傳輸?shù)幕A(chǔ)研究工作,對(duì)海水中主要無(wú)機(jī)海鹽溶液在靜磁場(chǎng)作用下介電和電導(dǎo)率的頻率特性進(jìn)行深入研究。主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面:首先詳細(xì)地分析了海水的電磁特性、并介紹了不同的海水介電模型。通過(guò)比較和分析不同模型的適應(yīng)條件和測(cè)量方法,我們提出了本課題采用的模型和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究方法來(lái)研究海鹽水溶液的介電特性。由于海水是弱電導(dǎo)介質(zhì),有一定的導(dǎo)電性,在實(shí)驗(yàn)中我們采用了獨(dú)特的外電路附加電阻法使電路在射頻情況下達(dá)到阻抗匹配狀態(tài)。其次,我們利用阻抗分析儀測(cè)試了靜磁場(chǎng)作用下海水鹽溶液的介電頻率特性和電導(dǎo)率頻率特性,揭示了靜磁場(chǎng)對(duì)海水中不同鹽分介電和電導(dǎo)率頻率特性影響機(jī)理。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)加入磁場(chǎng)后,海水鹽溶液的復(fù)介電常數(shù)實(shí)部隨著測(cè)量頻率的升高逐漸減小這一變化趨勢(shì)沒(méi)有發(fā)生變化。復(fù)介電常數(shù)的值在加入磁場(chǎng)后隨鹽分的不同產(chǎn)生不同的變化。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果也從另一方面解釋了磁場(chǎng)對(duì)不同鹽離子水化過(guò)程產(chǎn)生不同的作用。由實(shí)驗(yàn)所得數(shù)據(jù)我們分析得出了濃度與介電常數(shù)新的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式,該公式具有廣泛適用性,同時(shí)適用于靜磁場(chǎng)作用前后的無(wú)機(jī)鹽溶液。通過(guò)分析可以得出這樣解釋,磁場(chǎng)對(duì)海水鹽溶液電導(dǎo)率影響是由離子與水分子相結(jié)合的水合層遭到破壞和電子遷移率改變引起,這變化也導(dǎo)致了水化離子的大小產(chǎn)生改變。此研究也為研究人員開(kāi)展水下探測(cè)具有磁性的物質(zhì)(如核潛艇)和色散在電磁波探測(cè)中影響等提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。目前對(duì)海水介電常數(shù)研究主要是提出更精確的模型適合復(fù)雜變化的海洋環(huán)境。很少研究磁場(chǎng)環(huán)境下海水介電常數(shù)的頻率特性,也很少?gòu)碾x子水合微觀(guān)角度解釋介電常數(shù)變化。本文從理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)出發(fā),首次研究了靜磁場(chǎng)作用下海水的介電頻率特性,并得到了新的介電常數(shù)與濃度關(guān)系式。對(duì)磁場(chǎng)作用下介電常數(shù)和電導(dǎo)率的研究為水下無(wú)線(xiàn)電傳播和水下磁性目標(biāo)探測(cè)和散射對(duì)電磁波探測(cè)等研究提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Most of the earth's surface is covered by water, every year we can get enough of seafood and marine minerals from the sea. The development and utilization of marine resources in the development of countries in the world is increasing, the constant attention of marine rights but also promote the underwater communication technology has been widely developed. Underwater low-frequency radio waves due to the spread of stable and reliable in extensive research on submarine communication, but its wavelength and the antenna length is proportional to the relationship, there is a big difficulty in engineering implementation. Now on the underwater wireless communication on international problem is the electromagnetic wave in the sea water are greatly attenuated and there is no way for long distance transmission. Therefore, in order to better use of radio waves underwater communication, underwater transmission characteristics of electromagnetic wave is very necessary, and these characteristics are determined by the frequency characteristics of dielectric constant. Marine ring The complexity of the environment has also brought a lot of difficulties for the research work, the first water is weakly conducting dielectric, various dynamic motion in the ocean, such as ocean turbulence, sea level fluctuations of waves and other various ocean phenomena and sea currents and cutting movement through the geomagnetism, produces an electric field is weak, and the induced electric field can cause the sense of life weak magnetic field, electromagnetic field generated by induction of water dielectric constant of seawater, the influence of electrical conductivity. So the study of electromagnetic characteristics of static magnetic field on the dielectric properties of seawater marine electromagnetic detection, ocean remote sensing, the study of underwater communication is of great significance. In this paper, as the transfer of basic research work of underwater electromagnetic wave and in-depth study on the inorganic salt solution frequency characteristics in the sea water under the action of static magnetic field and dielectric conductivity. Mainly include the following aspects: firstly a detailed analysis The marine electromagnetic properties, and introduces the water dielectric model. By adapting to the conditions and measurement methods of comparison and analysis of different models, we propose a model of dielectric properties and experimental research methods used in this paper to study the salt water solution. Because of the weak medium, has certain conductivity. In the experiment we used the external circuit additional resistance method the unique circuit to achieve impedance matching in RF conditions. Secondly, we use the impedance analyzer under the action of static magnetic field of sea salt solution dielectric frequency and electric conductivity frequency characteristic test, the mechanism of the effects of static magnetic field on the sea salt and different dielectric conductivity the frequency characteristic was revealed. The experimental results show that when the magnetic field, sea salt solution of the real part of the complex dielectric constant with the increase of measuring frequency decreases this trend did not occur Change. The complex permittivity values in the magnetic field with different salinity varied. The experimental results also on the other hand to explain the magnetic field produces different effects on different salt ion hydration process. From the experimental data we analyzed the concentration of dielectric constant and new mathematical expression, the formula with wide applicability, inorganic salt solution is suitable for both before and after the static magnetic field. It can be concluded through analysis that, the magnetic field effect on the water conductivity of salt solution is hydration layer by the combination of ions and water molecules are destroyed and electron mobility caused by the change, this change has also led to the hydration of ion size changes. This study also for researchers to carry out underwater detection with magnetic material (such as nuclear submarines) provides a scientific basis and dispersion in the detection of electromagnetic wave effects. The current research on the dielectric permittivity of seawater Mainly put forward a more accurate model for the complex changes in the marine environment. Little research on frequency characteristics of magnetic field on dielectric constants of sea water, rarely from the microscopic perspective of ion hydration dielectric constant changes. This paper from the theory and experiment of static magnetic field for the first time on the dielectric properties of seawater, and got the relationship between the dielectric constant and the concentration of the new type of magnetic field. The permittivity and conductivity of the underwater radio propagation and scattering underwater magnetic target detection and provide a scientific basis for the research of electromagnetic wave detection.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P733.6;TN929.3

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