本文選題：物理隨機數(shù)　切入點：混沌激光　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨機數(shù)在科學(xué)計算、身份識別、雷達測距、信息安全等領(lǐng)域有著廣泛而重要的應(yīng)用。特別是在保密通信中,隨機數(shù)作為密鑰對明文信息進行加密,其可靠性關(guān)系到國家安全、商業(yè)金融、個人隱私等諸多方面。根據(jù)信息論鼻祖香農(nóng)提出的"一次一密"理論,要保障通信的絕對安全,首先須產(chǎn)生不低于通信速率的真隨機數(shù)。通常,以產(chǎn)生方式的不同將隨機數(shù)劃分為兩大類——偽隨機數(shù)和物理隨機數(shù)�；谒惴óa(chǎn)生的偽隨機數(shù)速率可達數(shù)十Gbps,但是其固有周期性令它無法滿足絕對保密通信的要求。自然界中無規(guī)律的物理隨機現(xiàn)象具有不可重復(fù)及不可預(yù)測的特性,是提取真正安全隨機數(shù)(物理隨機數(shù))的理想熵源。已有物理隨機數(shù)產(chǎn)品所使用的熵源包括單光子、電阻熱噪聲、散彈噪聲、混沌電路、振蕩器抖動等。然而,上述物理熵源的帶寬處于MHz水平,導(dǎo)致其產(chǎn)生的隨機數(shù)速率受限于Mbps量級,與當(dāng)前高速通信速率相去甚遠�；煦缂す馐且环N具有寬頻譜特性的復(fù)雜信號,信號強度在時域上呈現(xiàn)強烈的隨機起伏變化,適用于高速物理隨機數(shù)的產(chǎn)生。目前,基于混沌激光的隨機數(shù)產(chǎn)生技術(shù)普遍是利用光電探測器先將混沌激光轉(zhuǎn)化為電信號,而后在電域中由電時鐘驅(qū)動模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器(ADC)對混沌電信號進行采樣、量化,結(jié)合后處理邏輯器件進一步完成隨機數(shù)速率的提高和性能的優(yōu)化。大量理論證明顯示,采用這種技術(shù)產(chǎn)生的物理隨機數(shù)等效理論速率可達Tbps量級。然而,必須注意到的是,在實際實現(xiàn)過程中,受限于電時鐘的"電子抖動速率瓶頸",基于混沌激光的物理隨機數(shù)實時產(chǎn)生速率尚未突破5 Gbps。針對這一問題,我們提出全光采樣混沌激光結(jié)合多位比較量化的技術(shù)方案來產(chǎn)生高速物理隨機數(shù)。具體地,在全光域完成混沌激光的采樣過程,以主動鎖模激光器輸出的超短光脈沖作為控制時鐘光,觸發(fā)太赫茲光非對稱解復(fù)用器(TOAD)結(jié)構(gòu)的全光采樣門,在時鐘到達時刻采樣混沌信號光,使連續(xù)的混沌信號光轉(zhuǎn)化為等間隔的混沌光脈沖序列。繼而,采用多位比較器(等同于不含"采樣-保持"電路的多位ADC)對采樣后的混沌脈沖進行量化,通過合理選取量化結(jié)果的最低有效位數(shù),可直接產(chǎn)生優(yōu)質(zhì)物理隨機數(shù)。本方法無需復(fù)雜的邏輯后處理過程,所得物理隨機數(shù)速率由光采樣率和所取量化結(jié)果有效位數(shù)的乘積決定。對于上述方案中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題,進行了如下研究工作:1.為了優(yōu)化混沌激光熵源特性以產(chǎn)生高質(zhì)量的物理隨機數(shù),實驗分析了抑制混沌激光時延特征的關(guān)鍵參數(shù),確定了單腔反饋半導(dǎo)體激光器結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生混沌激光的最優(yōu)參數(shù)空間。進一步,構(gòu)建了單反饋混沌激光注入從激光器結(jié)構(gòu),實驗產(chǎn)生了超寬帶、無時延特征的混沌激光。2.搭建了 TOAD全光采樣實驗系統(tǒng)。通過探究大窗口及小窗口情況下的采樣狀態(tài),確定了采樣窗口寬度的優(yōu)選范圍。實驗上對不同波長的信號光進行采樣,證實了采樣門良好的穩(wěn)定性和高線性度�；趯嶒灚@取的TOAD最佳特性參數(shù),分別實現(xiàn)了對帶寬6 GHz、11.9 GHz混沌激光的5 GSa/s、10GSa/s實時光采樣。3.基于以上實驗研究,對超寬帶混沌激光發(fā)生裝置、TOAD全光采樣系統(tǒng)進行了集成,設(shè)計制作了混沌激光源及全光采樣器兩臺樣機。4.構(gòu)建基于重對數(shù)定律和中心極限定理的數(shù)學(xué)模型,分析了混沌激光產(chǎn)生隨機數(shù)的布朗運動特性。結(jié)果顯示,基于多位比較量化技術(shù)由混沌激光中提取的物理隨機數(shù)可完美仿真布朗運動,證明了其具有非確定性。5.探究了多位比較量化技術(shù)中,最低有效位選取對所得隨機數(shù)質(zhì)量的影響。實驗中以8位比較器量化重頻5 GHz的混沌脈沖序列,選取量化結(jié)果最低有效位4位,產(chǎn)生了速率20 Gbps的優(yōu)質(zhì)物理隨機數(shù)。
[Abstract]:Random number in scientific computing, identification, radar, information security and other fields has been widely used in secure communication. Especially, the random number as the key to encrypt the plaintext information, its reliability is related to national security, commercial finance, personal privacy and other aspects. According to the information on the originator of Shannon the "one-time" theory, to ensure the absolute safety of the communication, we must first generate true random number is not lower than the rate of communication. Usually, the different ways to generate random number will be divided into two categories: pseudo random number and physical random number. The pseudo random number generation algorithm speeds up to dozens of Gbps based, but the natural period makes it absolutely can not meet the requirements of secure communication. The phenomenon of physical random irregular in nature can not be repeated and unpredictable characteristics, is the extraction of real security (physical random random number The number of) the ideal entropy source. By using the entropy of physical random number of products including single photon, thermal noise, shot noise, chaotic oscillator circuit, jitter. However, the physical entropy source bandwidth at MHz level, resulting in the random number rate is limited to Mbps level, and the current high speed communication the rate of far. Chaotic laser is a complex signal with a wide spectrum of the signal strength has a strong random fluctuation in the time domain, suitable for high speed physical random number generation. At present, the random number generator based on chaotic laser technology is generally using photoelectric detector first chaotic laser is converted into an electrical signal driving module converter by electric clocks and in the electrical domain (ADC) sampling of chaotic signal quantization, combined with postprocessing logic device further improve performance and random rate optimization. A lot of theory Show, produced by the technology of physical random equivalent theoretical rate reached the level of Tbps. However, it must be noticed that, in the actual implementation process, due to the electric clock "jitter rate bottleneck", real time production rate has not reached 5 Gbps. in order to solve the problem of physical random number based on chaos laser, we put forward the technological scheme of all-optical sampling chaotic laser combined with a number of quantitative comparison to generate high physical random number. Specifically, complete the sampling process of chaotic laser in the optical domain, with ultra short pulse laser output mode lock as control clock trigger light, terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) all-optical sampling gate structure the arrival time of sampling, the chaotic signal in optical clock, the continuous chaotic signal light into the chaotic light pulse interval. Then, the number of comparators (equivalent to excluding mining - maintain "a number of ADC circuit) to quantify the chaotic pulse after sampling, the minimum effective number of reasonable selection of quantitative results, can produce high quality physical random number directly. This method does not need complex logic postprocessing process, the physical random number rate is determined by optical sampling rate and quantization results taken effective bits the product for the key technical problems in the above scheme, carried out research work as follows: 1. the physical random number in order to optimize the properties of chaotic laser source to produce high quality entropy, the experimental analysis of the key parameters of chaotic laser delay feature suppression, to determine the optimal parameter space feedback semiconductor laser structure of chaotic laser single cavity. Further, to build a single feedback laser injected from the laser structure, experimental generation of ultra wideband, chaotic laser.2. without delay characteristics of the built TOAD all-optical sampling testing system Through the sampling state inquiry window and small window case, determine the preferred range of sampling window width. The signals of different wavelengths of light sampling, sampling confirmed the stability of the door and good linearity. The optimal TOAD parameters is obtained based on, were realized on the bandwidth of 6 GHz, 11.9 GHz chaotic laser 5 GSa/s, based on the above experimental research.3. 10GSa/s real time sampling, the ultra wideband chaotic laser device, TOAD optical sampling systems are integrated to design chaotic laser source and optical sampler two kind of machine.4. constructs the mathematical model of iterated logarithm law and the central limit theorem based on the analysis of the Brown movement the characteristics of chaotic laser generated random number. The results showed that the physical random number more than quantitative comparison of extraction technology by chaotic laser in perfect simulation based on Brown movement, it is proved that Non deterministic.5. explores many quantitative techniques, the lowest effective bit selection effects on the quality of random numbers. Chaotic pulse sequence in Experiment 8 comparator quantization repetition frequency is 5 GHz, select the quantitative results of the lowest effective bit 4, the physical quality rate of 20 Gbps random number.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN24;TN918

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