本文選題：低軌通信衛(wèi)星　切入點(diǎn)：智能天線　出處：《南京理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：低軌衛(wèi)星通信具有信號傳播延時小和路徑損耗小的特點(diǎn),可以方便地實(shí)現(xiàn)全球任意位置的移動通信,已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)前移動通信領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)。本文將圍繞低軌星載衛(wèi)星通信中的智能天線技術(shù)展開研究。首先,針對低軌衛(wèi)星通信中的"遠(yuǎn)近效應(yīng)"問題和通信過程中地面用戶和干擾角度動態(tài)變化的情況,研究了快速波束賦形和空域零陷方向圖抗干擾技術(shù),提出一種干擾子空間正交投影的快速零陷波束賦形算法。該算法采用迭代傅里葉變換(Iterative Fourier Transform,IFT)技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)權(quán)重向量與方向圖之間的快速轉(zhuǎn)換,不僅可以優(yōu)化得到任意形狀的方向圖,滿足低軌衛(wèi)星"等通量"賦形的需求,而且算法運(yùn)算速度快,在通信過程中,能夠在保證方向圖主瓣區(qū)高增益覆蓋的同時實(shí)時調(diào)整零陷位置跟蹤干擾源。隨后,為了解決波束賦形方法需要提前估計干擾源位置的問題,開展了任意形狀方向圖主瓣保形的自適應(yīng)波束形成算法研究,提出了對角加載結(jié)構(gòu)的主瓣保形自適應(yīng)波束形成算法。該算法基于線性約束最小方差(Linear Constraint Minimum Variance,LCMV)準(zhǔn)則,通過構(gòu)建主瓣子空間約束以及權(quán)重系數(shù)模二次約束,來實(shí)現(xiàn)方向圖主瓣增益控制下的自適應(yīng)波束形成。算法給出了主瓣子空間約束的構(gòu)建方法,推導(dǎo)了對角加載和具有保形意義的模約束之間的關(guān)系,進(jìn)而給出了廣義旁瓣相消(Generalized Sidelobe Canceler,GSC)架構(gòu)下的對角加載實(shí)現(xiàn)模型。所提出算法不僅能夠同時實(shí)現(xiàn)寬波束的主瓣保形和自適應(yīng)抗干擾,而且采用GSC降秩結(jié)構(gòu)有效降低了算法實(shí)現(xiàn)的復(fù)雜度。最后,完成了所提出的算法在19陣元三角柵格陣列的智能天線演示系統(tǒng)中的實(shí)測驗證,主要包括:設(shè)計了智能天線演示系統(tǒng)測試專用軟件,用于在緊縮場微波暗室環(huán)境下智能天線三維方向圖的自動測試和增益標(biāo)定;完成了算法的DSP移植和算法性能的實(shí)測驗證。實(shí)測結(jié)果驗證了本文所出的快速零陷波束賦形算法和主瓣保形自適應(yīng)抗干擾算法的正確性、有效性和實(shí)時性,為智能天線技術(shù)的星載應(yīng)用提供了有效的解決方案。
[Abstract]:Leo satellite communication has the characteristics of low signal propagation delay and low path loss, so it is convenient to realize mobile communication anywhere in the world. This paper will focus on the smart antenna technology in Leo satellite communication. First of all, Aiming at the problem of "near-far effect" in Leo satellite communications and the dynamic changes of ground users and interference angles in the communication process, the anti-jamming techniques of fast beamforming and spatial zero trapping pattern are studied. A fast beamforming algorithm based on orthogonal projection of interference subspace is proposed, in which the iterative Fourier transform (iterative Fourier transform) technique is used to realize the fast transformation between the weight vector and the pattern, which can not only optimize the pattern of arbitrary shape. It meets the demand of "equal flux" shape of Leo satellite, and the algorithm is fast. In the process of communication, the interference source can be adjusted in real time while keeping high gain coverage in the main lobe area of the pattern map. In order to solve the problem that the position of interference source needs to be estimated in advance in beamforming method, adaptive beamforming algorithm is studied, which preserves the main lobe of arbitrary shape pattern. In this paper, an adaptive beamforming algorithm for diagonal loading structure is proposed, which is based on linear constraint minimum variance linear Constraint Minimum variation LCMV. by constructing the principal lobe subspace constraint and the quadratic constraint of the modulus of weight coefficient. The algorithm gives the method of constructing the principal lobe subspace constraints and deduces the relationship between diagonal loading and conformal modulus constraints. Furthermore, a diagonal loading implementation model based on generalized sidelobe canceling generalized Sidelobe Cancelerator (GSC) architecture is presented. The proposed algorithm can not only realize the main lobe shape conserving and adaptive anti-jamming of wide beam simultaneously. Moreover, the complexity of the algorithm is effectively reduced by using the GSC rank reduction structure. Finally, the proposed algorithm is verified in the smart antenna demonstration system with 19 array triangular grid arrays. The main contents are as follows: a special testing software for smart antenna demonstration system is designed, which is used for automatic testing and gain calibration of smart antenna 3D pattern in the environment of compact field microwave darkroom. The DSP transplant of the algorithm is completed and the performance of the algorithm is verified. The experimental results verify the correctness, validity and real-time performance of the fast beamforming algorithm and the main lobe shape preserving adaptive anti-jamming algorithm proposed in this paper. It provides an effective solution for the space-borne application of smart antenna technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN927.2;TN821.91

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