本文關(guān)鍵詞： 非均勻成簇 大規(guī)模網(wǎng)絡(luò) 能量空洞 負(fù)載均衡 數(shù)據(jù)分流　出處：《四川師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著微機(jī)電系統(tǒng)、片上系統(tǒng)、無(wú)線通信技術(shù)和低功耗嵌入式等技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)被廣泛應(yīng)用于軍事,醫(yī)療,環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè),智能家居等領(lǐng)域,作為連接人類生活與物理世界的橋梁,無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)成為了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的一個(gè)研究熱點(diǎn)。無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,通常以隨機(jī)部署的方式將大量傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)部署于特定的監(jiān)控區(qū)域內(nèi),傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)多是由自身所攜帶的鋰電池供電,節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量非常有限,因此,如何有效地利用節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量是延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期的關(guān)鍵。能量空洞問(wèn)題作為影響網(wǎng)絡(luò)能量利用效率的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題,廣泛存在于層次式無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)路中。能量空洞問(wèn)題是指網(wǎng)絡(luò)中某些區(qū)域內(nèi)節(jié)點(diǎn)由于負(fù)載過(guò)大而提前死亡,節(jié)點(diǎn)死亡后,死亡節(jié)點(diǎn)周圍的節(jié)點(diǎn)將承擔(dān)更多的負(fù)載,從而加快這部分節(jié)點(diǎn)的死亡,網(wǎng)絡(luò)出現(xiàn)“熱區(qū)”,當(dāng)死亡節(jié)點(diǎn)達(dá)到一定數(shù)量時(shí),網(wǎng)絡(luò)中剩余節(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)將無(wú)法傳輸至數(shù)據(jù)匯聚點(diǎn),網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期結(jié)束。本文在現(xiàn)有能量空洞避免策略基礎(chǔ)上,創(chuàng)新性地對(duì)配置了雙sink的大規(guī)模無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的能量空洞避免問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究,提出了一種基于非均勻成簇的雙sink環(huán)境下能量空洞避免策略(DEAS,double-sinks energy hole avoidance strategy)。本文的主要工作包括:(1)對(duì)簇結(jié)構(gòu)與計(jì)時(shí)廣播機(jī)制進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,以分流的方式對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),并引入數(shù)據(jù)分流度的概念。DEAS策略假設(shè)在矩形網(wǎng)絡(luò)兩側(cè)固定位置部署兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)匯聚點(diǎn)(sink),以負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)相應(yīng)區(qū)域內(nèi)節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)的收集。網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)采用非均勻成簇的方式組織,以候選簇頭節(jié)點(diǎn)簇內(nèi)普通節(jié)點(diǎn)的密度為依據(jù)對(duì)候選簇頭的競(jìng)選半徑進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,候選簇頭采用計(jì)時(shí)廣播機(jī)制競(jìng)選成為最終簇頭,候選簇頭廣播勝選消息的時(shí)間取決于候選簇頭的剩余能量和簇內(nèi)的節(jié)點(diǎn)密度。在數(shù)據(jù)路由過(guò)程中,為使得節(jié)點(diǎn)間的負(fù)載更加均衡,采用拆分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)包的方式,以使得更多的節(jié)點(diǎn)參與到數(shù)據(jù)的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)中。并引入節(jié)點(diǎn)分流度的概念,以更合理地確定分發(fā)給每個(gè)中繼節(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)量。(2)為均衡雙sink間節(jié)點(diǎn)的負(fù)載,提出一種雙sink監(jiān)控區(qū)域面積動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整策略。在本文所討論的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中,節(jié)點(diǎn)隨機(jī)非均勻部署于網(wǎng)絡(luò),節(jié)點(diǎn)不裝配位置感知設(shè)備。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)中部署了兩個(gè)sink,每個(gè)sink監(jiān)控區(qū)域內(nèi)節(jié)點(diǎn)的負(fù)載很難一致。本文提出負(fù)載差異度的概念以量化雙sink間節(jié)點(diǎn)的負(fù)載差異。隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)的運(yùn)行,雙sink間節(jié)點(diǎn)的負(fù)載差異度將進(jìn)一步拉大,負(fù)載較大區(qū)域內(nèi)的節(jié)點(diǎn)將更快耗盡能量,網(wǎng)絡(luò)出現(xiàn)能量空洞。為使得雙sink間節(jié)點(diǎn)的負(fù)載趨于均衡,本文采用動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整雙sink監(jiān)控區(qū)域面積的方式,以實(shí)現(xiàn)雙sink間節(jié)點(diǎn)負(fù)載的均衡。(3)為使得雙sink監(jiān)控區(qū)域面積的調(diào)整更加高效,提出一種面積調(diào)整閾值訓(xùn)練策略。DEAS算法中,當(dāng)雙sink間節(jié)點(diǎn)的負(fù)載差異度大于某一個(gè)臨界值時(shí),則需要調(diào)整雙sink監(jiān)控區(qū)域的監(jiān)控面積。反之,則保持雙sink監(jiān)控區(qū)域的監(jiān)控面積不變。本文將決定雙sink監(jiān)控區(qū)域面積是否需要進(jìn)行調(diào)整的臨界值定義為區(qū)域調(diào)整閾值。區(qū)域調(diào)整閾值的設(shè)置決定了雙sink監(jiān)控區(qū)域面積調(diào)整的效率,為使得雙sink監(jiān)控區(qū)域面積的調(diào)整過(guò)程更加高效,提出一種區(qū)域調(diào)整閾值訓(xùn)練機(jī)制,以獲得更加合理的區(qū)域調(diào)整閾值。(4)對(duì)多sink環(huán)境下的能量空洞問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析,提出啟發(fā)式算法本文最后對(duì)多sink環(huán)境下的能量空洞問(wèn)題進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單分析,為解決多個(gè)sink的部署問(wèn)題,本文在網(wǎng)絡(luò)初始時(shí)根據(jù)sink的數(shù)量將網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行分區(qū),每個(gè)sink位于子區(qū)域的中心。并將多sink環(huán)境下的能量空洞問(wèn)題劃歸為多個(gè)雙sink環(huán)境下的能量空洞問(wèn)題,提出啟發(fā)式算法。本文最后將DEAS算法與LEACH,EEUC,DEBUC三種算法進(jìn)行對(duì)比。證明了DEAS算法在網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期與節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量利用率等方面具有更優(yōu)的性能,證明了DEAS算法的高效性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of microelectromechanical system, system on chip, the rapid development of wireless communication technology and Low-Power Embedded Technology, wireless sensor network has been widely used in military, medical, environmental monitoring, intelligent Home Furnishing and other fields, as a bridge between human life and physical world, wireless sensor network has become a hot research topic in China foreign scholars. The wireless sensor network, usually by way of randomly deployed a large number of sensor nodes deployed in the monitoring area within a specific sensor node is a lithium battery power supply carried by itself, the energy of the node is very limited, therefore, how to effectively use the energy of the node is the key to extend the network life cycle energy. Empty problems as the key issues affecting the network energy efficiency, widely exists in hierarchical wireless sensor networks. The energy hole problem refers to a network Some nodes within the region because the load is too large and premature death, the node after the death of nodes around the dead node will bear more load, thus speeding up the part of the node's death, the network appears "hotspots", when the death node reaches a certain quantity, the remaining nodes in the network data will not be transmitted to the data sink, end the network life cycle. Based on the existing energy hole avoidance strategy based on the innovation of large-scale wireless sensor network configuration of double sink in avoiding the energy hole problem is studied, this paper proposed an energy unequal clustering based on sink double hole avoidance strategy (DEAS, double-sinks energy hole avoidance strategy). The main work of this paper includes: (1) the cluster structure and timing broadcast mechanism to optimize the data forwarding to shunt, and introduce the concept of.D data flow EAS strategy hypothesis in the rectangular network on both sides of the deployment of two fixed position data sink (sink), which is responsible for the corresponding network nodes within the region to collect data. In the network, sensor nodes with non uniform clustering approach to candidate cluster head nodes of ordinary nodes within the cluster density as the radius of the candidate cluster head election on the basis of optimization, candidate cluster head by timing broadcast mechanism campaign to become the final cluster head node density, candidate cluster head election news broadcast time depends on the candidate cluster head's residual energy and intra cluster data. In the routing process, as the load between nodes is more balanced, the resolution of data packets, in order to make more nodes to participate in forwarding data. And divided into the concept of node mobility, with more reasonable distribution to each relay node (2). The amount of data for load balancing between two sink nodes, is proposed A double sink monitoring area dynamic adjustment strategy are discussed in this paper in the network environment, non-uniform nodes are randomly deployed in the network, node assembly position sensing devices. Due to the network deployment of two sink, each sink load monitoring area node is difficult to consistent. This paper proposed a concept of load difference in order to quantify the load difference between dual sink nodes. With the operation of the network between dual sink node load difference will further widen the node load larger area will be faster to run out of energy. The energy hole network node between the double sink load balanced, the method of dynamic adjustment of double sink monitoring the area, in order to achieve load balancing between two sink nodes. (3) to make the double sink monitoring area adjustment more efficient, we propose an area to adjust the threshold training strategy of.DEAS algorithm, when the double sink The difference between the node load is greater than a critical value, the monitoring area should adjust the double sink monitoring area. On the other hand, keep monitoring area double sink monitoring area unchanged. This paper will decide whether to double sink monitoring area needs to be adjusted and the critical value is defined as the region to adjust the threshold to adjust the threshold region. Setting determines the efficiency of double sink monitoring area adjustment, to make the adjustment process of double sink monitoring area more efficiently, the paper proposes a kind of region to adjust the threshold training mechanism, to achieve regional adjustment threshold more reasonable. (4) the empty problem of multi sink environment energy analysis, put forward the question at the end of this paper, heuristic algorithm the multi sink environment energy hole analysis, problem solving for the deployment of multiple sink, based on the initial network according to sink the number of partition the network, each sink At the regional center. And the problem of sink under the environment of energy hole into multiple double sink under the environment of energy hole, heuristic algorithm is proposed. Finally, the DEAS algorithm with LEACH, EEUC, DEBUC three kinds of algorithms are compared. It is proved that the DEAS algorithm has better performance in utilization of network the life cycle and the energy of the node, proves the efficiency of DEAS algorithm.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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本文編號(hào)：1556141