本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于IEEE802.11硬件的TDMA協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： IEEE802.11協(xié)議 時(shí)分復(fù)用 實(shí)時(shí)性 高速率 混合調(diào)度機(jī)制

【摘要】：伴隨著物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、"互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+"的蓬勃發(fā)展,一批新興產(chǎn)業(yè)由此運(yùn)應(yīng)而生。在極大地改變了我們生活的同時(shí),也對原有的技術(shù)提出了挑戰(zhàn),網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信技術(shù)首當(dāng)其沖。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用場景廣泛使用近距離無線通信技術(shù),此類技術(shù)的鏈路層多基于IEEE802.11和IEEE802.15.4協(xié)議。Wi-Fi設(shè)備是一種典型的基于IEEE802.11協(xié)議的典型產(chǎn)品,具有傳輸速率高,相對于其它近距離無線通信技術(shù)距離遠(yuǎn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn),在民用領(lǐng)域被廣泛使用。但是其鏈路層偵聽、退避、重傳機(jī)制決定了該機(jī)制的實(shí)時(shí)性無法得到保證,而實(shí)時(shí)性是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵性技術(shù)指標(biāo)。IEEE802.15.4協(xié)議保證數(shù)據(jù)的高可靠性傳輸,缺點(diǎn)是最高傳輸速率僅有250kbps,在數(shù)據(jù)通信量較少的工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域中應(yīng)用較多。TDMA協(xié)議中,數(shù)據(jù)的發(fā)送僅受時(shí)鐘控制,節(jié)點(diǎn)之間不會(huì)同時(shí)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)而相互碰撞,是解決Wi-Fi實(shí)時(shí)性不足問題的主要手段。本文選擇在IEEE802.11硬件平臺(tái)上設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)TDMA協(xié)議,以滿足多種協(xié)議、設(shè)備共存的混合網(wǎng)絡(luò)中高速率、高實(shí)時(shí)性通信的需求。另一方面,網(wǎng)絡(luò)中大部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)對實(shí)時(shí)性需求并不高,為同時(shí)滿足實(shí)時(shí)和非實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)的發(fā)送需求,同時(shí)充分利用硬件性能,本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種新的傳輸調(diào)度機(jī)制。這種調(diào)度機(jī)制能夠根據(jù)當(dāng)前時(shí)隙類型,選擇不同的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式。本文主要工作如下:(1)研究了 IEEE802.11協(xié)議MAC層的CSMA/CA機(jī)制,分析了其造成傳輸時(shí)延不確定性的因素,結(jié)合TDMA協(xié)議的設(shè)計(jì)需求,在開源網(wǎng)卡驅(qū)動(dòng)中對該問題予以修復(fù)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)了 IEEE802.11硬件平臺(tái)的TDMA協(xié)議,分析了其時(shí)鐘同步、時(shí)隙調(diào)度、時(shí)隙大小設(shè)置等原理和方法。將修改好的協(xié)議,編譯進(jìn)Linux操作系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核并移植到開發(fā)板中,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境中驗(yàn)證了 TDMA協(xié)議的正確性,并測試了其傳輸時(shí)延、可靠性等性能指標(biāo)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,新協(xié)議在保證95%傳輸可靠性的同時(shí)能保證短幀中有95.4%,長幀中的89.97%能在2ms內(nèi)發(fā)送完成,傳輸時(shí)延遠(yuǎn)低于原有的IEEE802.11 協(xié)議。(2)針對混合網(wǎng)絡(luò)中不同類型的數(shù)據(jù)有不同的傳輸要求這一問題,本文在上述TDMA協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)一種新的時(shí)隙調(diào)度機(jī)制,既能保證實(shí)時(shí)性數(shù)據(jù)的及時(shí)傳輸,又能兼顧采用CSMA/CA機(jī)制完成非實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)幀的高速率傳輸。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,該系統(tǒng)能及時(shí)有效地根據(jù)時(shí)隙類型完成發(fā)送機(jī)制的切換。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the Internet of things and the Internet of things, a number of new industries have emerged. It has greatly changed our lives, but also challenged the original technology. The network communication technology bears the brunt. The Internet of things application scene widely uses the close-range wireless communication technology. The link layer of this kind of technology is mostly based on IEEE802.11 and IEEE802.15.4 protocol. Wi-Fi device is a typical product based on IEEE802.11 protocol. With the advantages of high transmission rate and long distance compared with other short distance wireless communication technology, it is widely used in civil field, but its link layer interception, Backoff. Retransmission mechanism determines that the real-time performance of the mechanism can not be guaranteed, and real-time is a key technical index of the Internet of things. IEEE 802.15.4 protocol ensures the high reliability of data transmission. The disadvantage is that the highest transmission rate is only 250 kbps. in the field of industrial control with less data traffic, the transmission of data is only controlled by clock in the application of .TDMA protocol. Nodes do not collide with each other by sending data at the same time. This paper chooses to design and implement TDMA protocol on IEEE802.11 hardware platform to satisfy various protocols. On the other hand, most of the data in the network do not have a high demand for real-time, which is to meet the needs of both real-time and non-real-time data transmission. At the same time, taking full advantage of the hardware performance, this paper designs a new transmission scheduling mechanism, which can be based on the current slot type. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1) the CSMA/CA mechanism of MAC layer of IEEE802.11 protocol is studied. This paper analyzes the factors that cause the uncertainty of transmission delay, and according to the design requirements of TDMA protocol, fixes the problem in the open source network card driver. The TDMA protocol of IEEE802.11 hardware platform is designed, and the principles and methods of clock synchronization, slot scheduling and slot size setting are analyzed. It is compiled into the kernel of Linux operating system and transplanted to the development board. The correctness of the TDMA protocol is verified in the laboratory environment and its transmission delay is tested. The experimental results show that the new protocol can guarantee the reliability of 95% transmission at the same time that there are 95.4 in the short frame, 89.97% of the long frame can be transmitted within 2 Ms. The transmission delay is much lower than the original IEEE802.11 protocol. Based on the above TDMA protocol, this paper designs a new slot scheduling mechanism, which can ensure the timely transmission of real-time data. The high rate transmission of non-real-time data frames can be realized by using CSMA/CA mechanism. The experiments show that the system can switch the transmission mechanism according to the slot type in time and effectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN929.532

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