【摘要】：在過(guò)去的10年里,特別是2003年以來(lái)WMAP衛(wèi)星對(duì)宇宙微波背景輻射的精確測(cè)量、斯隆數(shù)字化巡天對(duì)大尺度結(jié)構(gòu)的觀(guān)測(cè)以及更大樣本的超新星等觀(guān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),使宇宙學(xué)的研究進(jìn)入了精確宇宙學(xué)時(shí)代。目前,帶有暗能量、具有標(biāo)度不變的絕熱原初擾動(dòng)功率譜的冷暗物質(zhì)(Cold Dark Matter, CDM)宇宙學(xué)模型被視為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)冷暗物質(zhì)宇宙學(xué)模型(ACDM模型)。暗物質(zhì)、宇宙微波背景漲落和宇宙大尺度結(jié)構(gòu)是當(dāng)前宇宙學(xué)的研究熱點(diǎn),這對(duì)于理解宇宙的物質(zhì)分布和演化具有重要的意義。不同的暗物質(zhì)模型會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的微波背景漲落,影響大尺度結(jié)構(gòu)的形成和演化。盡管ACDM宇宙學(xué)模型成功地解釋了大尺度結(jié)構(gòu)形成和演化,但在小尺度方面卻不能與天文/宇宙學(xué)觀(guān)測(cè)符合。本論文的目的就是要建立與觀(guān)測(cè)符合的基于暗物質(zhì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)宇宙學(xué)模型。為此,我們對(duì)暗物質(zhì)和宇宙物質(zhì)演化、宇宙大尺度結(jié)構(gòu)展開(kāi)了研究。在第一章,簡(jiǎn)要介紹了宇宙學(xué)的有關(guān)背景,包括標(biāo)準(zhǔn)宇宙學(xué)模型、結(jié)構(gòu)形成理論,并介紹了宇宙中暗物質(zhì)的觀(guān)測(cè)依據(jù)、性質(zhì)等；同時(shí)介紹了暗暈?zāi)Ｐ秃兔枋霭禃炋匦缘姆椒�。在第二�?我們?cè)敿?xì)地給出了膨脹宇宙中,在標(biāo)量場(chǎng)擾動(dòng)下各種物質(zhì)(包括重子、冷暗物質(zhì)、光子、無(wú)質(zhì)量的中微子、有質(zhì)量的中微子)密度擾動(dòng)的線(xiàn)性演化方程。這是計(jì)算各種宇宙學(xué)模型中物質(zhì)擾動(dòng)演化的線(xiàn)性轉(zhuǎn)移函數(shù)的基礎(chǔ),也是計(jì)算高精度的微波背景漲落的角功率譜的基礎(chǔ)。在第二章最后,給出了微波背景漲落的角功率譜的具體計(jì)算的表達(dá)式。在第三章,我們首先對(duì)ACDM宇宙學(xué)模型做了詳細(xì)的介紹�；赪IMP暗物質(zhì)模型,介紹了這種熱起源暗物質(zhì)的剩余豐度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)算；接著介紹了ACDM宇宙學(xué)模型在解釋大尺度結(jié)構(gòu)形成和演化的成功,以及面臨的“小尺度危機(jī)”,即暗暈的衛(wèi)星星系問(wèn)題和中心密度問(wèn)題。為了解決ACDM宇宙學(xué)模型的“小尺度危機(jī)”,我們建立了非熱起源的WIMP暗物質(zhì)模型。這種WIMP暗物質(zhì)是通過(guò)宇宙相變產(chǎn)生的宇宙弦衰變而成的,是非熱產(chǎn)生的WIMP暗物質(zhì)(non-thermal production of WIMP dark matter,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為NTDM)。在第三章我們?cè)敿?xì)介紹了NTDM粒子的產(chǎn)生機(jī)制；并給出了NTDM粒子的剩余豐度的計(jì)算；由目前的天文觀(guān)測(cè)對(duì)宇宙學(xué)參數(shù)的測(cè)量,對(duì)宇宙弦形成時(shí)對(duì)稱(chēng)破缺尺度作出了限制。我們基于上一章推導(dǎo)物質(zhì)密度擾動(dòng)的線(xiàn)性演化方程的方法,給出了NTDM粒子的物質(zhì)擾動(dòng)的演化方程；并通過(guò)修改CMBFAST程序,得到NTDM的線(xiàn)性轉(zhuǎn)移函數(shù)、微波背景漲落的溫度功率譜、線(xiàn)性物質(zhì)功率譜等的數(shù)值解。結(jié)合SDSS星系功率譜,分析了NTDM模型在解釋宇宙大尺度結(jié)構(gòu)方面的合理性。利用Lyman-α forest數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)NTDM模型給出了限制,排除了過(guò)輕的NTDM粒子。最后建立了帶有暗能量、具有標(biāo)度不變的絕熱原初擾動(dòng)功率譜,基于非熱起源的暗物質(zhì)的宇宙學(xué)模型,即ANTDM宇宙學(xué)模型。在第四章,我們利用高分辨率的數(shù)值技術(shù)完成了在A(yíng)NTDM宇宙學(xué)模型中,物質(zhì)非線(xiàn)性演化過(guò)程的數(shù)值模擬,給出了暗物質(zhì)的空間分布,并對(duì)暗物質(zhì)的統(tǒng)計(jì)特性做了分析。喑物質(zhì)數(shù)值模擬的一個(gè)直接應(yīng)用是研究暗暈的分布和暗暈的高度非線(xiàn)性的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。為此,我們基于球密度反差方法建立了暗暈?zāi)Ｐ�。�?dāng)整個(gè)暈的樣本建立后,利用束縛粒子計(jì)算了暗暈的密度輪廓、質(zhì)量函數(shù)等,并分析了暗暈的功率譜演化、暗暈的數(shù)密度演化,以及暗暈的形狀等。同時(shí),我們也對(duì)ACDM宇宙學(xué)模型完成了相同的數(shù)值模擬。通過(guò)不同宇宙學(xué)模型的數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果的比較和分析,說(shuō)明了我們所建立的ANTDM模型在解釋宇宙大尺度結(jié)構(gòu)形成和演化方面的合理性；并由于NTDM粒子的非熱起源機(jī)制,緩解了ACDM模型所面臨的“小尺度危機(jī)”。最后一章是對(duì)本論文工作的總結(jié),總結(jié)了整個(gè)論文的主要成果和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。特別是指出了在該方向進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展研究的思路和方法。
[Abstract]:In the past 10 years, especially since 2003, the WMAP satellite has made accurate measurement of the cosmic microwave background radiation, the observation of the large-scale structure and the supernovae of the larger samples, and so on. The Cold Dark Matter (CDM) continuum model with dark energy, with a scale-invariant adiabatic atomic perturbation power spectrum, is now considered a standard cold dark matter continuum model (ACDM model). Dark matter, cosmic microwave background fluctuation and large-scale structure of the universe are the focus of the current research, which is of great significance for understanding the material distribution and evolution of the universe. Different dark matter models will produce different microwave background fluctuations, which affect the formation and evolution of large-scale structures. Although the ACDM model has successfully explained the formation and evolution of large scale structures, it is not in conformity with astronomical/ astronomical observations in small scale aspects. The purpose of this thesis is to establish a standard model of dark matter based on dark matter. For this reason, we have studied the evolution of dark matter and the material of the universe and the large-scale structure of the universe. In the first chapter, the paper briefly introduces the background of the dark matter, including the standard model and the structure formation theory, and introduces the observation basis and properties of dark matter in the universe, and introduces the dark halo model and the method of describing the dark halo. In the second chapter, we give a detailed description of the linear evolution equation of the density disturbance of various substances (including baryons, cold dark matter, photons, non-mass neutrinos, and mass neutrinos) under the perturbation of scalar field. This is the basis for the calculation of the linear transfer function of material disturbance evolution in various mathematical models, and also the basis of calculating the angular power spectrum of the high-precision microwave background fluctuation. In the second chapter, the expression of the angle power spectrum of microwave background fluctuation is given. In chapter three, we first give a detailed introduction to the model of ACDM. Based on the WIMP dark matter model, the standard calculation of the residual abundance of the dark matter in this heat origin is introduced; then the success of the formation and evolution of the large scale structure is explained by the ACDM model, and the problems facing the 鈥渟mall scale crisis鈥，

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