基于CASPER平臺(tái)的射電頻譜儀設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-13 17:09
【摘要】：在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之后,人們仿造雷達(dá)的結(jié)構(gòu)做成由天線系統(tǒng)、接收系統(tǒng)和記錄設(shè)備系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成的射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡,用于接收天體發(fā)射出的無線電波,射電天文學(xué)也算是由此誕生。射電天文通常通過對電磁波的接收處理來實(shí)現(xiàn)觀測,所有宇宙空間中的天體和物質(zhì)都可以被作為對象,比如我們所在的太陽系和尺度稍微擴(kuò)展一些的銀河系都可以找到觀測的對象,再到更遠(yuǎn)的銀河系以外的觀測目標(biāo)。射電天文學(xué)是使用射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡系統(tǒng)在無線電波段研究宇宙中各類天體的一門學(xué)科。隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展和科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步,用于天文觀測的設(shè)備也在不斷地提升和更新?lián)Q代。特別是數(shù)字技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,使得射電天文技術(shù)的發(fā)展得到了新的契機(jī)�，F(xiàn)在正在建設(shè)中的FAST工程是在建射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡項(xiàng)目中單口徑最大的設(shè)備,本文課題的提出是基于射電波段的前沿天體物理課題及FAST早期科學(xué)研究計(jì)劃的從屬內(nèi)容,是對于接收機(jī)頻譜終端的早期研究和設(shè)計(jì)工作。本文的主要工作內(nèi)容和目標(biāo)分為兩部分,分別是針對ADC量化過程對于譜線觀測的影響進(jìn)行分析和討論,以及在數(shù)字化硬件平臺(tái)上進(jìn)行頻譜終端的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn),最后實(shí)現(xiàn)中性氫觀測測試。首先針對本文的課題內(nèi)容、預(yù)期目標(biāo)進(jìn)行調(diào)研和學(xué)習(xí),并根據(jù)已有條件進(jìn)行了技術(shù)路線和可行性分析。第一部分研究工作中針對ADC量化對于譜線觀測的影響進(jìn)行了分析和討論,通過理論推導(dǎo)與實(shí)際觀測數(shù)據(jù)處理相結(jié)合的方式來對這個(gè)問題進(jìn)行討論分析。通過推導(dǎo)證明ADC量化位數(shù)不足帶來的對于觀測系統(tǒng)靈敏度的影響可以通過提高積分時(shí)間得到補(bǔ)償和優(yōu)化的結(jié)論,使用了聯(lián)合實(shí)驗(yàn)室天線平臺(tái)的觀測數(shù)據(jù),用實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)處理結(jié)果來證明討論和推導(dǎo)結(jié)果的正確性。第二部分主要研究工作中首先對進(jìn)行譜線觀測的實(shí)現(xiàn)中所涉及到的數(shù)字信號處理的理論背景知識進(jìn)行了學(xué)習(xí)和研究,主要包含采樣理論,傅里葉變換和快速傅里葉變換理論,以及多相濾波器算法結(jié)構(gòu)。之后通過使用CASPER硬件開發(fā)平臺(tái)和MATLAB以及simulink組件等軟件聯(lián)合開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)譜線終端。最后,使用設(shè)計(jì)編譯通過的譜線終端成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了中性氫觀測。
[Abstract]:After World War II, radio telescopes made up of antenna systems, receiving systems and recording systems were constructed to receive radio waves emitted from celestial bodies, and radio astronomy was born. Radio astronomy is usually observed by receiving and processing electromagnetic waves. All objects and objects in space can be used as objects. For example, our solar system and the slightly expanded Milky way galaxy can find objects of observation, and then beyond the Milky way. Radio astronomy is a subject that uses radio telescope systems to study various celestial bodies in the universe. With the development of the times and the progress of science and technology, the equipment for astronomical observation is constantly upgraded and updated. Especially with the development of digital technology and computer technology, the development of radio astronomy technology has got a new opportunity. The FAST project, which is under construction, is the largest single aperture equipment in the project of radio telescope under construction. In this paper, the advanced astrophysics project based on radio band and the subordinate content of FAST early scientific research project are proposed. Is for the receiver spectrum terminal early research and design work. The main contents and objectives of this paper are divided into two parts: the analysis and discussion of the influence of ADC quantization on spectral line observation, and the design and implementation of spectrum terminal on the digital hardware platform. Finally, the neutral hydrogen measurement is realized. First of all, according to the content of this paper, the expected goal of research and learning, and according to the existing conditions of the technical route and feasibility analysis. In the first part, the influence of ADC quantization on spectral line observation is analyzed and discussed, and the problem is discussed by combining theoretical derivation with practical observation data processing. It is proved by derivation that the influence of insufficient quantization bits of ADC on the sensitivity of the observation system can be compensated and optimized by increasing the integral time. The observation data from the antenna platform of the joint laboratory are used. The correctness of the discussion and derivation is proved by the experimental data processing results. In the second part of the main research work, we first study and study the theoretical background knowledge of digital signal processing involved in the realization of spectral line observation, mainly including sampling theory, Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform theory. And the algorithm structure of polyphase filter. After that, the spectral line terminal is designed by using CASPER hardware development platform, MATLAB and simulink software. Finally, the neutral hydrogen observation is successfully realized by using the designed compiled line terminal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TH751
本文編號：2269348
[Abstract]:After World War II, radio telescopes made up of antenna systems, receiving systems and recording systems were constructed to receive radio waves emitted from celestial bodies, and radio astronomy was born. Radio astronomy is usually observed by receiving and processing electromagnetic waves. All objects and objects in space can be used as objects. For example, our solar system and the slightly expanded Milky way galaxy can find objects of observation, and then beyond the Milky way. Radio astronomy is a subject that uses radio telescope systems to study various celestial bodies in the universe. With the development of the times and the progress of science and technology, the equipment for astronomical observation is constantly upgraded and updated. Especially with the development of digital technology and computer technology, the development of radio astronomy technology has got a new opportunity. The FAST project, which is under construction, is the largest single aperture equipment in the project of radio telescope under construction. In this paper, the advanced astrophysics project based on radio band and the subordinate content of FAST early scientific research project are proposed. Is for the receiver spectrum terminal early research and design work. The main contents and objectives of this paper are divided into two parts: the analysis and discussion of the influence of ADC quantization on spectral line observation, and the design and implementation of spectrum terminal on the digital hardware platform. Finally, the neutral hydrogen measurement is realized. First of all, according to the content of this paper, the expected goal of research and learning, and according to the existing conditions of the technical route and feasibility analysis. In the first part, the influence of ADC quantization on spectral line observation is analyzed and discussed, and the problem is discussed by combining theoretical derivation with practical observation data processing. It is proved by derivation that the influence of insufficient quantization bits of ADC on the sensitivity of the observation system can be compensated and optimized by increasing the integral time. The observation data from the antenna platform of the joint laboratory are used. The correctness of the discussion and derivation is proved by the experimental data processing results. In the second part of the main research work, we first study and study the theoretical background knowledge of digital signal processing involved in the realization of spectral line observation, mainly including sampling theory, Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform theory. And the algorithm structure of polyphase filter. After that, the spectral line terminal is designed by using CASPER hardware development platform, MATLAB and simulink software. Finally, the neutral hydrogen observation is successfully realized by using the designed compiled line terminal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TH751
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