【摘要】：隨著水電開發(fā)技術(shù)的成熟，大流量、高水頭、高裝機(jī)水電站已經(jīng)是現(xiàn)階段水電開發(fā)的主流，電站的安全問題也被提到了一個(gè)新的高度。電站廠房由于其結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜化和巨型化，其振動(dòng)不僅極為復(fù)雜且影響因素較多。研究電站機(jī)組水力、機(jī)械、電磁振源及其與廠房結(jié)構(gòu)的耦聯(lián)作用機(jī)制是徹底揭示廠房結(jié)構(gòu)和機(jī)組振動(dòng)的必要技術(shù)方法和手段。研究成果對(duì)優(yōu)化電站運(yùn)行狀態(tài)、提高運(yùn)行效率、保障廠房結(jié)構(gòu)的安全具有重要的意義。 結(jié)合某高水頭、大流量、單機(jī)裝機(jī)容量大的長(zhǎng)引水發(fā)電電站，，將廠房結(jié)構(gòu)和機(jī)組振動(dòng)作為整體，通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)和理論分析的方法達(dá)到研究的目的。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括： (1)通過分析該電站機(jī)組的變負(fù)荷和變勵(lì)磁工況運(yùn)行試驗(yàn)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)，對(duì)機(jī)組和廠房結(jié)構(gòu)的實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)和水流脈動(dòng)的時(shí)域、幅值和頻譜分析，以及振源分析和相關(guān)分析等，并確定機(jī)組的運(yùn)行區(qū)劃分。利用小波理論，對(duì)測(cè)點(diǎn)通頻振動(dòng)信號(hào)進(jìn)行分段，得到各種主要頻帶的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)情況。 (2)通過分析機(jī)組在甩負(fù)荷、過速和啟停機(jī)等特殊工況的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)，對(duì)過渡過程機(jī)組和廠房耦聯(lián)體系進(jìn)行動(dòng)力響應(yīng)分析。對(duì)過渡過程調(diào)壓室水位的理論解進(jìn)行了分析計(jì)算，結(jié)合甩負(fù)荷過程調(diào)壓室水位現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)，得到長(zhǎng)引水電站過渡過程水流的變化特征。 (3)對(duì)廠房原型結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行三維有限元模擬，機(jī)組對(duì)廠房的作用力通過附加質(zhì)量單元實(shí)現(xiàn)。計(jì)算不同邊界條件下廠房模型的模態(tài)并進(jìn)行振型分析和共振校核。在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)各振源頻率進(jìn)行橫向、豎向和扭向的動(dòng)力系數(shù)校核。計(jì)算廠房三向受力，并對(duì)廠房機(jī)墩進(jìn)行動(dòng)力諧響應(yīng)計(jì)算校核。此外還對(duì)流道內(nèi)不同水力振源頻率進(jìn)行脈動(dòng)諧響應(yīng)計(jì)算。
[Abstract]:With the maturity of hydropower development technology, large flow, high water head, high installed hydropower stations have become the mainstream of hydropower development at this stage, and the safety of hydropower stations has been raised to a new height. The vibration of power plant is not only very complex but also has many influencing factors because of its complexity and mega-structure. It is a necessary technical method and means to thoroughly reveal the vibration of power plant and unit by studying the coupling mechanism of hydraulic, mechanical and electromagnetic vibration source and its coupling with powerhouse structure. The research results are of great significance for optimizing the operation state of the power station, improving the operation efficiency and ensuring the safety of the powerhouse structure. Combined with a long diversion power station with high water head, large flow rate and large single unit installed capacity, the vibration of the powerhouse structure and unit is taken as a whole, and the purpose of the research is achieved by the method of field test and theoretical analysis. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) by analyzing the field test data of variable load and variable excitation operating conditions of the unit, the time domain of structural vibration and water flow pulsation are obtained for the measured data of unit and powerhouse structure. Amplitude and spectrum analysis, as well as vibration source analysis and correlation analysis, etc. In this paper, wavelet theory is used to segment the pass-frequency vibration signal, and the dynamic response of the main frequency band is obtained. (2) by analyzing the field test data of load rejection, overspeed and start-up and shutdown, the dynamic response of the unit and plant coupling system during the transition process is analyzed. The theoretical solution of the water level of the surge chamber in the transition process is analyzed and calculated, and the variation characteristics of the water flow during the transition process of the long lead hydropower station are obtained by combining with the field test data of the water level of the surge chamber during the load rejection process. (3) the 3D finite element simulation of the prototype structure of the powerhouse is carried out, and the force of the unit on the powerhouse is realized by adding the mass element. The modes of the powerhouse model under different boundary conditions are calculated and the mode analysis and resonance check are carried out. On this basis, the transverse, vertical and torsional dynamic coefficients of each vibration source are checked. The dynamic harmonic response of the machine pier is calculated and checked. In addition, the pulsating harmonic response of different hydraulic vibration sources in the channel is calculated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV731;TV312

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