【摘要】：隨著人口的逐年增長與工業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,我國對水資源的需求與日俱增。由于過度開發(fā),大部分地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了水資源匱乏,河流萎縮甚至出現(xiàn)了沙漠化的現(xiàn)象。為了深入了解我國水資源的現(xiàn)狀以及實現(xiàn)高效管理與利用,各地紛紛對轄區(qū)內(nèi)水資源進行詳細評估,河流作為地表水形態(tài)之一,其流量是水資源評估的一個基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。 通過對比分析國內(nèi)外的河流流量測量技術(shù)及其發(fā)展趨勢,準確、快捷、自動化的河流流量測量技術(shù)與方法是發(fā)展的必然趨勢。通過詳細調(diào)研國內(nèi)外的最新技術(shù)方法與設(shè)備,發(fā)現(xiàn)基于流速面積法的非接觸自動測量方法滿足該需求。 首先,研究了河流流量流速面積法的各種計算算法。通過分析各算法的代數(shù)精度與截斷誤差,提出了一種精度較高、實測方便的改進算法,并利用實測數(shù)據(jù)對比驗證本算法的精度,為河流流量計算提供了一定的理論參考。然后,結(jié)合該算法提出了一種在我國現(xiàn)有纜道測量設(shè)施上改進的施測方案。最后,設(shè)計了能夠自動測量與遠程通信的河流流量監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。 本系統(tǒng)由基站單元、傳輸單元、監(jiān)測中心單元三個單元組成。主要設(shè)計了基站單元終端。終端總體結(jié)構(gòu)為主從式雙CPU架構(gòu),ARM為主,DSP為從。在硬件方面,以ARM為核心的主控電路主要包括觸摸屏電路、SD卡存儲電路、Ethernet通信電路以及GPRS通信電路；以DSP為核心的從控電路主要包括傳感器控制電路、數(shù)據(jù)采集電路,以及運載行車運動控制電路。在軟件方面,基于uC/OS-II設(shè)計了系統(tǒng)程序,并實現(xiàn)了流速面積算法的程序設(shè)計。通過系統(tǒng)測試,本文研究的河流流量監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)具有很高的工程應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:With the increase of population and the development of industry, the demand for water resources in China is increasing day by day. Due to overdevelopment, water resources are scarce, rivers shrink and even desertification occurs in most areas. In order to understand the current situation of water resources in China and to realize efficient management and utilization, water resources are evaluated in detail. As one of the surface water forms, the discharge of rivers is one of the basic data for water resources assessment. Through comparative analysis of river flow measurement technology and its development trend at home and abroad, accurate, fast and automatic river flow measurement technology and method is the inevitable trend of development. By investigating the latest technical methods and equipments at home and abroad, it is found that the non-contact automatic measurement method based on the velocity area method can meet this demand. Firstly, various calculation algorithms of river flow velocity area method are studied. By analyzing the algebraic accuracy and truncation error of each algorithm, an improved algorithm with high precision and convenient measurement is proposed, and the accuracy of the algorithm is verified by comparing the measured data, which provides a theoretical reference for the calculation of river flow. Then, an improved test scheme based on the proposed algorithm is proposed for the existing cableway measurement facilities in China. Finally, a river flow monitoring system is designed, which can automatically measure and communicate with remote communication. The system consists of three units: base station unit, transmission unit and monitoring center unit. The base station unit terminal is designed. The overall structure of the terminal is master-slave dual CPU architecture, ARM is the main, DSP is the slave. In the aspect of hardware, the main control circuit based on ARM includes touch screen circuit, SD card storage circuit, Ethernet communication circuit and GPRS communication circuit. The slave control circuit based on DSP mainly includes sensor control circuit, data acquisition circuit, and the control circuit of vehicle movement. In the aspect of software, the system program is designed based on uC/OS-II, and the algorithm of velocity area is designed. Through the system test, the river flow monitoring system studied in this paper has high engineering application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP274;P332.4

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