贛江流域水沙變化特征分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-30 14:47
【摘要】：贛江是鄱陽湖最大水系,流域面積約占鄱陽湖流域面積50%。近60年來,贛江流域?qū)嵤┝酥T多植樹造林、水土流失治理項目,為保護流域生態(tài)環(huán)境提供了堅實保障,另一方面,為滿足農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)和城市用水需求,在贛江干支流興建了許多水利工程。這些強烈人類活動給贛江水沙帶來新的變化。本文基于贛江上游4站(干流貢水峽山站、支流章江壩上站、桃江居龍灘站、平水翰林橋站)、中游吉安站、下游外洲站近60年的流量、含沙量實測資料,采用水文過程線、流量歷時曲線、水沙雙累積曲線以及Mann-Kendall檢驗、Sen坡度估計、Pettitt突變檢測等方法,系統(tǒng)分析了上中下游水沙變化特征,結(jié)合流域15個氣象站的降雨資料粗略探討了影響水沙變化的主要因素。結(jié)果表明:(1)贛江上游各支流和贛江干流水沙年內(nèi)分配極不均勻,呈現(xiàn)前凸后凹、以6月為峰值的單峰型,主汛期4~6月徑流量約占全年的49%,主汛期4~6月輸沙量約占全年的65%;(2)近60年贛江各站徑流均表現(xiàn)為豐枯交替的波動變化,各站年徑流變化趨勢微小,不存在顯著突變點,上游4站、吉安站、外洲站年徑流的Sen斜率估計值為0.73×108m3、0.67×108m3、0.73×108m3,僅占多年平均年徑流的0.26%、0.14%、0.10%;(3)近60年贛江各站輸沙量年際變化大,變差系數(shù)0.46~0.62,1990s之后輸沙量銳減;上游4站、吉安站、外洲站年輸沙序列的突變點(Pettitt方法)分別在1998年、1990年、1990年,泥沙相對變化幅度為47%、67%、62%;(4)近60年輸沙量呈現(xiàn)顯著變化的直接原因是高流量成分(相對歷時小于5%的流量值)的減少和日均含沙量的銳減,其中含沙量是輸沙量變化的主要因素;(5)近60年贛江流域降水變化與外洲站徑流變化特征較一致,降水對徑流起到了增加的效應(yīng),人類活動總體起輔助作用;水土保持綜合治理、水利工程均極大的減少了贛江河道輸沙量。在變化環(huán)境下,近20年贛江水沙演變規(guī)律與1990s之前已有顯著差異。一方面水土流失治理、植樹造林等減少了坡地土壤侵蝕和流失,另一方面水利工程尤其是大型水利工程建設(shè)與運行極大的影響了壩下游河道泥沙輸移,這種工程措施對河流水沙的影響是及時和快速的�？傮w上贛江各站年徑流量并沒有顯著的趨勢和突變性,而年輸沙量已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)大幅度銳減,導(dǎo)致近20年徑流-輸沙量的關(guān)系偏離了1990s之前的水沙關(guān)系。本文研究結(jié)論可以為流域管理、生態(tài)環(huán)境研究提供參考。
[Abstract]:Ganjiang River is the largest water system in Poyang Lake. In the past 60 years, many afforestation and soil erosion control projects have been implemented in the Ganjiang River basin, which have provided a solid guarantee for the protection of the ecological environment of the basin, and on the other hand, to meet the water needs of agriculture, industry and cities, Many water conservancy projects have been built in the main tributaries of the Ganjiang River. These strong human activities have brought new changes to the water and sediment of the Ganjiang River. Based on the measured data of discharge and sediment content in the upper reaches of Ganjiang River (Gongshuixiashan Station, Zhangjiang River, Taojiang Julongtan Station, Hanlin Bridge Station in Pingshui), Ji'an Station in the middle reaches and Waizhou Station in the lower reaches, the hydrological process line is used in this paper. The characteristics of water and sediment variation in upper middle and lower reaches are systematically analyzed by means of flow duration curve, double accumulation curve of water and sediment, and Pettitt mutation detection method of Mann-Kendall test Sen slope estimation. Based on the rainfall data of 15 meteorological stations in the basin, the main factors affecting the change of water and sediment are discussed. The results are as follows: (1) the distribution of water and sand in the upper reaches of Ganjiang River and the main stream of Ganjiang River is extremely uneven in the year, and the distribution of water and sand is extremely uneven, with the peak value of June being a single peak. The runoff in the main flood season from April to June accounts for about 49 percent of the whole year, and the sediment discharge from April to June in the main flood season accounts for about 65 percent of the whole year. (2) in the last 60 years, the runoff of every station in the Ganjiang River is fluctuating alternately, the change trend of the annual runoff of each station is small, there is no significant abrupt point, and the upper four stations are upstream. The Sen slope of annual runoff at Ji'an Station and Wai Zhou Station is estimated to be 0.73 脳 10 ~ 8m ~ 3 / 0.67 脳 10 ~ 8m ~ 3 / 0.73 脳 10 ~ 8m ~ 3, which accounts for only 0.26 ~ 0.14 ~ 0.14 ~ 0.10m ~ 3 of the annual average annual runoff. (3) the annual variation of sediment transport capacity of Ganjiang station in the last 60 years has changed greatly and the coefficient of variation has decreased sharply after 0.46 ~ 0.62C ~ (2) 1990s; the upstream station, Ji'an Station, The abrupt point (Pettitt method) of the annual sediment transport sequence at Wai Chau Station was used in 1998, 1990, 1990, respectively. The relative variation of sediment is 47 / 67 / 62. (4) the direct reason for the significant change in sediment discharge in the last 60 years is the decrease of high discharge components (discharge value of less than 5% relative duration) and the sharp decrease of daily sediment content. Among them, sediment content is the main factor of sediment transport. (5) the variation of precipitation in Ganjiang River basin is consistent with that of runoff in outer continent station in the past 60 years, precipitation plays an increasing role in runoff, human activities generally play an auxiliary role, comprehensive control of soil and water conservation, water and soil conservation, Water conservancy projects have greatly reduced the amount of sediment transport along the Ganjiang River. In the changing environment, the evolution of water and sediment in the Ganjiang River in the past 20 years has been significantly different from that before 1990's. On the one hand, soil erosion and loss are reduced by soil erosion control, afforestation and so on. On the other hand, the construction and operation of water conservancy projects, especially large scale water conservancy projects, greatly affect the sediment transport in the lower reaches of the dam. The effect of such engineering measures on river water and sediment is timely and rapid. On the whole, there is no obvious trend and abrupt change in the annual runoff of every station in Ganjiang River, and the annual sediment discharge has been greatly reduced, which leads to the deviation of the relationship between runoff and sediment discharge in the last 20 years, which deviates from the relationship between water and sediment before 1990's. The conclusion of this paper can provide reference for watershed management and ecological environment research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P333
本文編號：2213395
[Abstract]:Ganjiang River is the largest water system in Poyang Lake. In the past 60 years, many afforestation and soil erosion control projects have been implemented in the Ganjiang River basin, which have provided a solid guarantee for the protection of the ecological environment of the basin, and on the other hand, to meet the water needs of agriculture, industry and cities, Many water conservancy projects have been built in the main tributaries of the Ganjiang River. These strong human activities have brought new changes to the water and sediment of the Ganjiang River. Based on the measured data of discharge and sediment content in the upper reaches of Ganjiang River (Gongshuixiashan Station, Zhangjiang River, Taojiang Julongtan Station, Hanlin Bridge Station in Pingshui), Ji'an Station in the middle reaches and Waizhou Station in the lower reaches, the hydrological process line is used in this paper. The characteristics of water and sediment variation in upper middle and lower reaches are systematically analyzed by means of flow duration curve, double accumulation curve of water and sediment, and Pettitt mutation detection method of Mann-Kendall test Sen slope estimation. Based on the rainfall data of 15 meteorological stations in the basin, the main factors affecting the change of water and sediment are discussed. The results are as follows: (1) the distribution of water and sand in the upper reaches of Ganjiang River and the main stream of Ganjiang River is extremely uneven in the year, and the distribution of water and sand is extremely uneven, with the peak value of June being a single peak. The runoff in the main flood season from April to June accounts for about 49 percent of the whole year, and the sediment discharge from April to June in the main flood season accounts for about 65 percent of the whole year. (2) in the last 60 years, the runoff of every station in the Ganjiang River is fluctuating alternately, the change trend of the annual runoff of each station is small, there is no significant abrupt point, and the upper four stations are upstream. The Sen slope of annual runoff at Ji'an Station and Wai Zhou Station is estimated to be 0.73 脳 10 ~ 8m ~ 3 / 0.67 脳 10 ~ 8m ~ 3 / 0.73 脳 10 ~ 8m ~ 3, which accounts for only 0.26 ~ 0.14 ~ 0.14 ~ 0.10m ~ 3 of the annual average annual runoff. (3) the annual variation of sediment transport capacity of Ganjiang station in the last 60 years has changed greatly and the coefficient of variation has decreased sharply after 0.46 ~ 0.62C ~ (2) 1990s; the upstream station, Ji'an Station, The abrupt point (Pettitt method) of the annual sediment transport sequence at Wai Chau Station was used in 1998, 1990, 1990, respectively. The relative variation of sediment is 47 / 67 / 62. (4) the direct reason for the significant change in sediment discharge in the last 60 years is the decrease of high discharge components (discharge value of less than 5% relative duration) and the sharp decrease of daily sediment content. Among them, sediment content is the main factor of sediment transport. (5) the variation of precipitation in Ganjiang River basin is consistent with that of runoff in outer continent station in the past 60 years, precipitation plays an increasing role in runoff, human activities generally play an auxiliary role, comprehensive control of soil and water conservation, water and soil conservation, Water conservancy projects have greatly reduced the amount of sediment transport along the Ganjiang River. In the changing environment, the evolution of water and sediment in the Ganjiang River in the past 20 years has been significantly different from that before 1990's. On the one hand, soil erosion and loss are reduced by soil erosion control, afforestation and so on. On the other hand, the construction and operation of water conservancy projects, especially large scale water conservancy projects, greatly affect the sediment transport in the lower reaches of the dam. The effect of such engineering measures on river water and sediment is timely and rapid. On the whole, there is no obvious trend and abrupt change in the annual runoff of every station in Ganjiang River, and the annual sediment discharge has been greatly reduced, which leads to the deviation of the relationship between runoff and sediment discharge in the last 20 years, which deviates from the relationship between water and sediment before 1990's. The conclusion of this paper can provide reference for watershed management and ecological environment research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P333
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