【摘要】：隨著梯級電站的建成運(yùn)行,總?cè)芙鈿怏w(total dissolved gas,TDG)過飽和對魚類的不利影響受到廣泛關(guān)注。TDG過飽和水流在庫區(qū)內(nèi)的釋放速度十分緩慢,上游梯級泄水的不利影響通常會持續(xù)到下一梯級壩前。魚道是恢復(fù)河流連通性的重要手段,也是魚類可能集中分布的區(qū)域,TDG過飽和的庫區(qū)水體作為補(bǔ)給來源可能對通過魚道的魚類造成不利影響。本文以自主設(shè)計(jì)的魚道型式作為試驗(yàn)水槽,設(shè)計(jì)開展了不同流量條件下的過飽和TDG輸移釋放過程試驗(yàn)研究,并根據(jù)試驗(yàn)條件開展數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算,反算得到各條件下的釋放系數(shù)。結(jié)果表明水深是影響過飽和TDG釋放的重要因素,過飽和TDG的釋放系數(shù)隨著水深的增大而減小,釋放系數(shù)與流速、紊動動能、紊動動能耗散率間單因子關(guān)系不顯著。另外,魚道復(fù)雜的擋板結(jié)構(gòu)使水流流程增長,增加了過飽和TDG釋放時(shí)間,與無擋板的順直水槽相比,魚道內(nèi)過飽和TDG的釋放速度顯著提高。該研究為探討過飽和TDG對過魚通道內(nèi)魚類的不利影響的預(yù)測提供參考,同時(shí)復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)促進(jìn)過飽和TDG釋放的成果也為減緩TDG過飽和不利影響的措施研究提供新思路和參考。
[Abstract]:With the construction and operation of cascade power stations, the adverse effects of total dissolved gas (total dissolved gas,TDG) supersaturation on fish have attracted widespread attention. The release rate of the supersaturated flow in the reservoir area is very slow. The adverse effects of upstream cascade discharge usually last until the next cascade dam. Fish channel is an important means to restore river connectivity, and TDG supersaturated reservoir water as a source of recharge may have adverse effects on fish passing through the channel. In this paper, the self-designed fish channel type is used as the experimental flume, and the experimental study on the transport and release process of supersaturated TDG under different flow conditions is carried out, and the numerical simulation calculation is carried out according to the experimental conditions, and the release coefficients under each condition are calculated back. The results show that water depth is an important factor affecting the release of supersaturated TDG, and the release coefficient of supersaturated TDG decreases with the increase of water depth, but there is no significant single factor relationship between the release coefficient and the velocity of flow and the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy. In addition, the complicated baffle structure increases the flow process and increases the release time of supersaturated TDG. Compared with the straight flume without baffle, the release speed of supersaturated TDG in the fish channel is increased significantly. This study provides a reference for the prediction of the adverse effects of supersaturated TDG on the oversaturated fish, and the results of complex structures promoting the release of supersaturated TDG also provide new ideas and references for the study of measures to mitigate the adverse effects of TDG supersaturation.
【作者單位】： 四川大學(xué)水力學(xué)與山區(qū)開發(fā)保護(hù)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0401700) 國家自然科學(xué)基金青年科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(51409182)
【分類號】：S959;TV131.34

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