本文選題：階梯式溢流壩 + 消能特性��； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：溢洪道是水利樞紐中重要的泄水建筑物,絕大部分的水利工程為了防止并避免從壩面下泄的水流對河床和岸坡等的沖刷,都是通過溢洪道或溢流壩進(jìn)行挑流消能,或者在壩體下游深挖河床修筑消力池或選用底流消能、跌流消能。階梯式溢洪道、溢洪壩以其較高消能率而受到世界各國水利界人員的強(qiáng)烈關(guān)注。因此,加大對階梯式溢流壩水流的研究,尤其過渡臺階布置形式對階梯式溢流壩消能特性的影響研究,具有一定的科學(xué)研究意義和工程運(yùn)用價值。本文針對階梯式溢流壩過渡臺階布置形式對其消能特性的影響進(jìn)行了模型試驗(yàn)研究,主要包括過壩水流流態(tài)、壓強(qiáng)分布規(guī)律,階梯式消能工消能率的計算,以及利用數(shù)值模擬方法對改善階梯壩面水流不利流態(tài)的工程措施進(jìn)行研究,取得的主要研究成果如下:(1)對階梯式溢流壩消能率的基本理論進(jìn)行了分析,明確了階梯式溢流壩消能率的計算方式及其影響因素,為階梯式溢流壩水流優(yōu)化及消能優(yōu)化提供理論依據(jù)。(2)結(jié)合某階梯式溢流壩的具體結(jié)構(gòu)布置,對現(xiàn)狀布置下的水力特性進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究,分析可知在此布置下?lián)綒馄鹗键c(diǎn)靠后,導(dǎo)致部分臺階處出現(xiàn)負(fù)壓,這對溢流壩面運(yùn)行存在不利影響。(3)對現(xiàn)狀布置下的該溢流壩進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,分析發(fā)現(xiàn)摻氣起始點(diǎn)隨流量增大而向下游推移,這與模型試驗(yàn)的結(jié)論一致。針對這一不利因素提出了設(shè)置過渡臺階的優(yōu)化方案,并對不同過渡臺階數(shù)的優(yōu)化方案進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,通過對比分析初步擬定了最優(yōu)優(yōu)化方案。
[Abstract]:Spillway is an important water discharge structure in water conservancy project. In order to prevent and avoid the erosion of river bed and bank slope, most water conservancy projects use spillway or spillway to dissipate energy through spillway or spillway.Or in the dam downstream deep excavated river bed to build the stilling pool or select the bottom flow energy dissipation, falling energy dissipation.Therefore, it is of scientific significance and engineering value to study the flow of stepped spillway dam, especially the influence of the arrangement of transition steps on the energy dissipation characteristics of stepped spillway dam.In this paper, the influence of step arrangement on the energy dissipation characteristics of stepped spillway spillway is studied, which mainly includes the calculation of water flow, pressure distribution and the energy dissipation rate of step type energy dissipators.The numerical simulation method is also used to study the engineering measures to improve the flow unfavorable flow on the stepped dam surface. The main research results are as follows: 1) the basic theory of the energy dissipation rate of stepped spillway dam is analyzed.The calculation method of energy dissipation rate of stepped spillway dam and its influencing factors are defined, which provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of flow and energy dissipation of stepped spillway dam, and combines with the concrete structural arrangement of a stepped spillway dam.The hydraulic characteristics under the present arrangement are tested and studied, and the results show that under this arrangement, the initial point of air entrainment is backward, which results in negative pressure at some steps.It is found that the initial point of aeration moves downstream with the increase of flow rate, which is consistent with the conclusion of the model test.In view of this disadvantage, the optimization scheme of setting transition steps is put forward, and the optimization scheme of different transition steps is numerically simulated, and the optimal optimization scheme is preliminarily drawn up by comparison and analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV651.1;TV135.2

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