豎通道內(nèi)熱浮力旋轉(zhuǎn)流相關(guān)特性研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-24 17:50
【摘要】：火旋風(fēng)因其強(qiáng)大的卷吸力和浮升力，而比普通火災(zāi)具有更快的燃燒速度、更高的火焰溫度和更大的破壞力，隨著建筑空間的增大及開(kāi)口形式的多樣化，火旋風(fēng)在建筑火災(zāi)尤其在建筑物的中庭及豎井型通道中出現(xiàn)的可能性也日漸增大，給人們的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重威脅。近年來(lái)，建筑內(nèi)火旋風(fēng)巨大的破壞性得到了國(guó)內(nèi)外研究人員的重視，研究火旋風(fēng)的形成機(jī)制、運(yùn)動(dòng)形態(tài)以及由于火旋風(fēng)而形成的熱流場(chǎng)，是控制室內(nèi)火旋風(fēng)發(fā)生發(fā)展的一個(gè)主要內(nèi)容，對(duì)保障社會(huì)安定具有重要意義。 進(jìn)行火災(zāi)熱流場(chǎng)相關(guān)研究的方法主要有實(shí)驗(yàn)研究、數(shù)值模擬及理論分析三種，本文主要采用這三種方法對(duì)一有側(cè)開(kāi)縫的豎通道內(nèi)浮力旋轉(zhuǎn)火焰及熱流場(chǎng)的相關(guān)特性進(jìn)行深入研究，具體工作內(nèi)容如下： 首先，歸納了熱浮力旋轉(zhuǎn)流場(chǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，給出了適用于火災(zāi)場(chǎng)的多組分、低馬赫數(shù)、有粘性、熱驅(qū)動(dòng)浮力流的數(shù)學(xué)模型，包括控制方程組，混合分?jǐn)?shù)燃燒模型和有限容積（FVM）輻射模型；介紹了大渦模擬(LES)的主要思想并對(duì)模型方程組進(jìn)行了濾波；在動(dòng)量方程的基礎(chǔ)上研究了渦量方程、渦量場(chǎng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)特性、旋轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)中流體的運(yùn)動(dòng)方程以及火災(zāi)場(chǎng)中的渦量方程。 其次，搭建了一個(gè)有側(cè)開(kāi)縫的方形豎通道，進(jìn)行熱浮力旋轉(zhuǎn)流的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)無(wú)量綱側(cè)開(kāi)縫寬度在某一臨界范圍內(nèi)時(shí)，火焰的旋轉(zhuǎn)最為劇烈、火焰高度最高、燃料燃燒速度最快；隨后在臨界無(wú)量綱側(cè)開(kāi)縫寬度條件下，進(jìn)行了三種不同直徑及燃料用量的火旋風(fēng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，分別對(duì)旋轉(zhuǎn)火焰縱向和徑向溫度分布、燃料的燃燒速率、熱釋放速率及火焰高度等特性進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)研究，并對(duì)文獻(xiàn)中提出的普通汽油池火燃料失重速率及火焰高度計(jì)算經(jīng)驗(yàn)式中的部分參數(shù)在本文研究的旋轉(zhuǎn)火焰條件下進(jìn)行了修正。 第三，應(yīng)用火災(zāi)場(chǎng)模擬軟件FDS并采用LES方法對(duì)豎通道內(nèi)熱浮力旋轉(zhuǎn)流實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了模擬計(jì)算，得到了三種不同尺寸及熱釋放速率火源形成的浮力旋轉(zhuǎn)流物理場(chǎng)的分布規(guī)律、火焰中軸線縱向溫度分布、火焰不同高度徑向溫度分布及火焰的高度，利用實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)所選模型的有效性進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證；進(jìn)而對(duì)浮力旋轉(zhuǎn)火焰的周向速度及軸向速度分布進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，并對(duì)三種情況下旋轉(zhuǎn)火焰的最大軸向速度與周向速度比值的變化情況進(jìn)行了研究。 第四，在詳細(xì)地總結(jié)和分析幾種典型的渦旋流動(dòng)精確解形式及特性的基礎(chǔ)上，，針對(duì)這些精確解普遍存在的問(wèn)題，并依據(jù)本文實(shí)驗(yàn)所觀察到的現(xiàn)象，重新構(gòu)造了旋轉(zhuǎn)渦量的形式。通過(guò)引入半經(jīng)驗(yàn)系數(shù)，給出了旋轉(zhuǎn)渦量沿火焰徑向和周向旋轉(zhuǎn)速度沿火焰縱向及徑向衰減規(guī)律的級(jí)數(shù)近似解的表達(dá)式。再根據(jù)本文的數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果，確定了半經(jīng)驗(yàn)系數(shù)的取值，進(jìn)而得出了基于實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果的熱浮力旋轉(zhuǎn)流旋轉(zhuǎn)渦量和周向旋轉(zhuǎn)速度的級(jí)數(shù)近似解。 本文的研究成果和結(jié)論在建筑物內(nèi)火旋風(fēng)的預(yù)防和撲救方面具有重要的意義及實(shí)用價(jià)值。同時(shí)，為進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展旋轉(zhuǎn)火焰及其熱流場(chǎng)的相關(guān)研究工作奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The fire cyclone has a faster combustion speed, higher flame temperature and greater destructive power than a common fire due to its strong volume suction and uplift force, and with the increase of the building space and the diversification of the opening form, The possibility of the fire cyclone in the building fire, especially in the atrium of the building and the shaft-type channel, is also increasing, which poses a serious threat to the safety of people's life and property. In recent years, the great destructiveness of the fire cyclone in the building has been paid more and more attention by the researchers at home and abroad, the forming mechanism of the cyclone, the movement form and the heat flow field due to the fire cyclone are the main contents for controlling the development of the indoor fire cyclone. It is of great significance to guarantee social stability. In this paper, the related characteristics of the buoyancy rotary flame and the heat flow field in a side-slotted vertical channel are studied in detail by the three methods, such as the experimental research, the numerical simulation and the theoretical analysis. In this paper, the mathematical model of the hot-buoyancy rotary flow field is summarized, and the mathematical model of the multi-component, low-Mach number, viscous and heat-driven buoyancy flow for fire field is given, including the control equations, the mixed-fraction combustion model and the finite volume (FVM). The main idea of the large eddy simulation (LES) is introduced and the equations of the model are filtered. On the basis of the momentum equation, the vorticity equation, the dynamic characteristic of the vorticity field, the motion equation of the fluid in the rotating system and the vortex in the fire field are studied. In this paper, a square vertical channel with side slit is set up, and the experimental study of the hot-buoyancy rotary flow is carried out. The flame's rotation is the most severe when the non-dimensional side slit width is within a certain critical range. The flame height is the highest, and the fuel is burning. The burning speed is the fastest, and three different diameters and fuel consumption are carried out under the condition of the critical dimensionless side slit width, and the longitudinal and radial temperature distribution of the rotating flame, the combustion rate of the fuel, the heat release rate and the flame height are respectively carried out. A detailed study is made and some of the parameters in the empirical formula of the weight loss rate and the flame height of the ordinary gasoline pool in the literature are studied in this paper. In the third part, a fire-field simulation software FDS was applied and a LES method was used to simulate the rotational flow of the internal heat buoyancy in the vertical channel. The distribution law of the physical field of the buoyancy rotary flow formed by three different size and heat release rate sources was obtained, and the central axis of the flame The longitudinal temperature distribution of the line, the radial temperature distribution at different heights of the flame and the height of the flame, the effectiveness of the selected model is verified by the experimental results, and the circumferential speed and the axial speed of the buoyancy rotary flame are further improved. the prediction of the degree distribution and the change in the ratio of the maximum axial velocity and the circumferential velocity of the rotating flame in three cases In the fourth part, on the basis of the detailed summary and analysis of several typical forms and characteristics of the vortex flow, the problems that are common to these exact solutions are discussed, and the phenomena and re-structures observed in this paper are reconstructed. In this paper, the form of rotational vorticity is built. By introducing the semi-empirical coefficient, the longitudinal and radial decay of the flame in the radial and circumferential direction of the flame are given. Based on the numerical simulation results of this paper, the value of the semi-empirical coefficient is determined, and the rotational vorticity and the circumferential rotation of the hot-buoyancy rotary flow based on the experimental and numerical results are obtained. A series of approximate solutions to the speed of revolution. The research results and conclusions of this paper are used in the prevention and suppression of fire and cyclone in buildings. It is of great significance and practical value, and at the same time, to further carry out the rotating flame and the heat flow field,
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU998.1
本文編號(hào)：2485061
[Abstract]:The fire cyclone has a faster combustion speed, higher flame temperature and greater destructive power than a common fire due to its strong volume suction and uplift force, and with the increase of the building space and the diversification of the opening form, The possibility of the fire cyclone in the building fire, especially in the atrium of the building and the shaft-type channel, is also increasing, which poses a serious threat to the safety of people's life and property. In recent years, the great destructiveness of the fire cyclone in the building has been paid more and more attention by the researchers at home and abroad, the forming mechanism of the cyclone, the movement form and the heat flow field due to the fire cyclone are the main contents for controlling the development of the indoor fire cyclone. It is of great significance to guarantee social stability. In this paper, the related characteristics of the buoyancy rotary flame and the heat flow field in a side-slotted vertical channel are studied in detail by the three methods, such as the experimental research, the numerical simulation and the theoretical analysis. In this paper, the mathematical model of the hot-buoyancy rotary flow field is summarized, and the mathematical model of the multi-component, low-Mach number, viscous and heat-driven buoyancy flow for fire field is given, including the control equations, the mixed-fraction combustion model and the finite volume (FVM). The main idea of the large eddy simulation (LES) is introduced and the equations of the model are filtered. On the basis of the momentum equation, the vorticity equation, the dynamic characteristic of the vorticity field, the motion equation of the fluid in the rotating system and the vortex in the fire field are studied. In this paper, a square vertical channel with side slit is set up, and the experimental study of the hot-buoyancy rotary flow is carried out. The flame's rotation is the most severe when the non-dimensional side slit width is within a certain critical range. The flame height is the highest, and the fuel is burning. The burning speed is the fastest, and three different diameters and fuel consumption are carried out under the condition of the critical dimensionless side slit width, and the longitudinal and radial temperature distribution of the rotating flame, the combustion rate of the fuel, the heat release rate and the flame height are respectively carried out. A detailed study is made and some of the parameters in the empirical formula of the weight loss rate and the flame height of the ordinary gasoline pool in the literature are studied in this paper. In the third part, a fire-field simulation software FDS was applied and a LES method was used to simulate the rotational flow of the internal heat buoyancy in the vertical channel. The distribution law of the physical field of the buoyancy rotary flow formed by three different size and heat release rate sources was obtained, and the central axis of the flame The longitudinal temperature distribution of the line, the radial temperature distribution at different heights of the flame and the height of the flame, the effectiveness of the selected model is verified by the experimental results, and the circumferential speed and the axial speed of the buoyancy rotary flame are further improved. the prediction of the degree distribution and the change in the ratio of the maximum axial velocity and the circumferential velocity of the rotating flame in three cases In the fourth part, on the basis of the detailed summary and analysis of several typical forms and characteristics of the vortex flow, the problems that are common to these exact solutions are discussed, and the phenomena and re-structures observed in this paper are reconstructed. In this paper, the form of rotational vorticity is built. By introducing the semi-empirical coefficient, the longitudinal and radial decay of the flame in the radial and circumferential direction of the flame are given. Based on the numerical simulation results of this paper, the value of the semi-empirical coefficient is determined, and the rotational vorticity and the circumferential rotation of the hot-buoyancy rotary flow based on the experimental and numerical results are obtained. A series of approximate solutions to the speed of revolution. The research results and conclusions of this paper are used in the prevention and suppression of fire and cyclone in buildings. It is of great significance and practical value, and at the same time, to further carry out the rotating flame and the heat flow field,
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU998.1
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