發(fā)布時間：2019-04-24 12:03

【摘要】：火災是人類所面臨的的最嚴重的災害之一,對人類社會和自然環(huán)境的危害巨大,其中隧道火災尤為引人關注。日益嚴峻的消防形勢推動了防火滅火技術的研究與應用。隨著維也納公約及蒙特利爾議定書的簽訂,已廣泛應用的鹵代烷滅火劑停止使用,因而尋找其理想替代物,成為亟待解決的問題。細水霧以其環(huán)境友好、滅火迅速、應用廣泛等特點,被認為是鹵代烷滅火劑的理想替代品,受到了各國研究人員的重視。然而由于其在通風等復雜環(huán)境中的滅火機理尚不明確,導致其無法廣泛應用。因此,探尋細水霧抑制熄滅火災的滅火機理,是推動細水霧滅火系統(tǒng)走向實用階段的重要環(huán)節(jié)。 本文圍繞通風及細水霧耦合系統(tǒng)與柴油池火的相互作用這一研究課題,首先搭建了6m×1.5m×2m的小尺度隧道工程實驗平臺,通過對實驗過程中質量損失速率、火場溫度、火源熱輻射及02、CO濃度等的測定和分析,將通風與細水霧耦合作用下抑制熄滅柴油池火的過程分為三個階段,即強化階段、控制階段和熄滅階段,分析了三個不同階段通風與細水霧耦合作用的滅火機理,同時探尋了影響通風與細水霧耦合作用滅火效果的主要影響因素。結果表明：從滅火機理來看,強化階段主要表現(xiàn)為火焰冷卻和衰減熱輻射；控制階段為表面冷卻和衰減熱輻射；熄滅階段為動力學作用和表面冷卻。從耦合系統(tǒng)的控火效果來看,頂部排煙模式與細水霧的耦合作用效果優(yōu)于縱向排煙模式；當細水霧的工作壓力提高到10MPa,工作壓力的增加對于細水霧滅火效果的提升非常有限；細水霧噴頭的安裝間距應小于等于環(huán)境風速導致的細水霧偏移量。 基于隧道實驗平臺的實驗結果及對耦合作用系統(tǒng)滅火過程的尺度分析,建立了隧道工程大尺度空間數(shù)值模擬模型,應用火災動力學模擬軟件FDS進行了數(shù)值模擬,通過對實驗與模擬結果的對比,探討了尺度關系的可靠性以及小尺度實驗結果應用到大尺度空間的適用性。結果表明,大尺度數(shù)值模擬與模型實驗中的滅火過程及火災溫度場的發(fā)展規(guī)律基本一致,說明相應的尺度關系和實驗結果可以適用于預測通風環(huán)境中細水霧熄滅抑制隧道柴油池火的過程。
[Abstract]:Fire is one of the most serious disasters faced by human beings, and it has great harm to human society and natural environment, especially tunnel fire. The increasingly severe fire fighting situation has promoted the research and application of fire prevention and fire extinguishing technology. With the signing of the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol, the widely used halogenated alkane fire extinguishing agent has ceased to be used, so finding its ideal substitute has become an urgent problem to be solved. Water mist is regarded as an ideal substitute for halogenated alkane fire extinguishing agent because of its friendly environment, rapid fire extinguishing and wide application. It has been paid more and more attention by researchers all over the world. However, its fire extinguishing mechanism in ventilation and other complex environment is not clear, so it can not be widely used. Therefore, exploring the fire extinguishing mechanism of water mist suppression is an important link to push the water mist fire extinguishing system to practical stage. Based on the study of the interaction between ventilation and water mist coupling system and diesel pool fire, a small scale tunnel engineering experiment platform of 6m 脳 1.5m 脳 2m has been set up at first, and the mass loss rate and the temperature of the fire field during the experiment have been studied. According to the measurement and analysis of the thermal radiation of the fire source and the concentration of 02 and CO, the process of suppressing and extinguishing the diesel fuel pool fire under the coupling action of ventilation and water mist is divided into three stages: strengthening stage, controlling stage and quenching stage. The fire extinguishing mechanism of the coupling action of ventilation and water mist in three different stages is analyzed. At the same time, the main factors affecting the fire extinguishing effect of the coupling action of ventilation and water mist are explored. The results show that flame cooling and attenuation of heat radiation are the main features in the strengthening stage, surface cooling and attenuation heat radiation in the control stage and kinetic action and surface cooling in the quenching stage from the point of view of the fire extinguishing mechanism. According to the fire control effect of the coupling system, the coupling effect of the top exhaust mode and the water mist is better than that of the longitudinal one, and when the working pressure of the water mist is increased to 10 MPA, the increase of the working pressure is very limited to the improvement of the fire extinguishing effect of the water mist. The installation spacing of water mist nozzles should be less than or equal to the water mist offset caused by ambient wind speed. Based on the experimental results of the tunnel experiment platform and the scale analysis of the fire extinguishing process of the coupled action system, a large-scale spatial numerical simulation model of tunnel engineering is established, and the numerical simulation is carried out by using the fire dynamics simulation software FDS. The reliability of the scale relation and the applicability of the small-scale experiment results to the large-scale space are discussed by comparing the experimental results with the simulation results. The results show that the large-scale numerical simulation is consistent with the fire extinguishing process and the fire temperature field in the model experiment. The results show that the corresponding scale relation and experimental results can be used to predict the process of water mist extinguishment and suppression of diesel fuel pool fire in ventilation environment.
【學位授予單位】：東北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU998.13

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