【摘要】：遠場類諧和地震動、近斷層向前方向性地震動與近斷層滑沖型地震動均屬于長周期地震動，汶川、東日本大地震等震害表明，該類地震動對長周期結構具有較大的破壞作用，我國現(xiàn)行抗震規(guī)范由于未考慮長周期地震動而不能確保長周期結構的抗震安全。本文圍繞三類長周期地震動，從地震動特性、高層結構動力響應特征與損傷破壞機理、結構抗震設計方法等方面展開研究與分析。主要研究工作內容包括： （1）系統(tǒng)對比分析遠場類諧和地震動、近斷層向前方向性地震動、近斷層滑沖型地震動與普通地震動的特性差異。對比地震動的峰值、峰值比、持時及反應譜特性�；谙柌�-黃變換（HHT）理論，定義地震動累積能量譜、強頻段、能量時間分布系數(shù)等概念，從地震動能量時頻分布角度，對比三類長周期地震動與普通地震動的低頻特性、寬頻帶特性以及脈沖特性。 （2）設計并采用ABAQUS有限元軟件建立代表短、中、長周期的框架結構與框架-剪力墻結構模型，分別以21條長周期地震動與3條普通地震動作為輸入進行96次彈塑性地震響應時程分析，對比三類長周期地震動與普通地震動作用下的結構動力響應特征。同時，基于HHT對高層框架結構與框架-剪力墻結構的位移響應進行時頻特性分析，進一步探討四類地震動作用下的結構響應特點。 （3）研究長周期地震動脈沖特征參數(shù)對高層結構動力響應的影響規(guī)律。首先，提出基于經(jīng)驗模態(tài)分解（EMD）的長周期地震動脈沖特征參數(shù)識別方法，，能夠有效識別長周期地震動的脈沖速度峰值、脈沖周期與脈沖持時；然后，構建適用于三類長周期地震動的簡化等效模型，并通過彈性及彈塑性反應譜驗證該模型的合理性；最后，以12層框架結構為例，基于19次彈塑性時程反應計算結果，分析長周期地震動脈沖周期與脈沖持時對高層結構地震響應的影響規(guī)律。 （4）研究對比三類長周期地震動作用下高層結構的損傷破壞機理。首先，分析長周期地震動最大瞬時輸入能與彈塑性單自由度體系最大位移響應的相關性。在此基礎上，提出瞬時輸入能比的概念，并基于該指標對比分析三類長周期地震動作用下結構的地震破壞模式。接著，基于提出的逐步損傷分析法（SDA），以12層框架結構為例，通過54次彈塑性時程反應分析，對比三類長周期地震動作用下高層結構的損傷演化特性。最后，基于EMD分析了長周期地震動中控制高層結構非線性地震動響應的IMF分量，提出有效長周期地震動的概念，定義了有效峰值與有效峰值率，揭示了長周期地震動作用下高層結構的類共振作用機理；同時，提出長周期地震動能量梯度的概念，分析了三類長周期地震動的能量梯度分布規(guī)律，揭示了長周期地震動對高層結構的脈沖作用機理。 （5）研究考慮長周期地震動影響的結構抗震設計方法。首先，分析我國現(xiàn)行抗震規(guī)范中烈度、設計地震動參數(shù)、設計反應譜以及時程分析法在考慮長周期地震動影響時所存在的問題。然后，基于100條長周期地震動記錄，構造400個彈塑性單自由度體系，研究并提出適用于三類長周期地震動的抗震分析用強度指標。接著，對比分析了中、美、日、歐抗震設計譜理論及其在考慮長周期地震動影響方面的適用性。其次，分析了長周期地震動的頻譜特征周期與非平穩(wěn)特性，為進行長周期地震動地震危險性分析提供基礎。探討了結構周期的劃分方法，分析了基于地震動瞬態(tài)效應劃分結構周期的可行性。最后，給出現(xiàn)階段考慮長周期地震動影響的結構抗震設計建議。
[Abstract]:Far-field quasi-harmonic ground motion, near-fault forward ground motion and near-fault slip-and-thrust ground motion belong to long-period ground motion. Earthquake disasters such as Wenchuan and East Japan Earthquakes show that such ground motions have great damage to long-period structures. The current seismic code in China can not ensure long-period ground motion because it does not consider long-period ground motion. In this paper, three types of long-period ground motions are studied and analyzed, including ground motion characteristics, dynamic response characteristics and damage mechanism of high-rise structures, and seismic design methods of structures.
(1) Comparing the characteristics of far-field harmonic and ground motions, near-fault forward motion, near-fault slip-and-thrust ground motions and ordinary ground motions. Comparing the peak value, peak ratio, duration and response spectrum characteristics of ground motions. Based on Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) theory, the cumulative energy spectrum, strong frequency band and energy-time division of ground motions are defined. From the point of view of time-frequency distribution of ground motion energy, the low-frequency characteristics, broadband characteristics and pulse characteristics of three kinds of long-period ground motions are compared with those of ordinary ground motions.
(2) Design and use ABAQUS finite element software to build the frame structure and frame-shear wall structure models which represent short, medium and long periods, respectively, with 21 long-period ground motions and 3 ordinary ground motions as input to carry out 96 elasto-plastic seismic response time-history analysis, and compare the three types of long-period ground motions with ordinary ground motions. At the same time, the time-frequency characteristics of displacement response of high-rise frame structure and frame-shear wall structure are analyzed based on HHT, and the structural response characteristics under four types of earthquake are further discussed.
(3) The influence of the characteristic parameters of long-period ground motions on the dynamic response of high-rise structures is studied. Firstly, a method of identifying the characteristic parameters of long-period ground motions based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is proposed, which can effectively identify the peak velocity, pulse period and pulse duration of long-period ground motions. The simplified equivalent model of long-period ground motion is validated by the elastic and elastic-plastic response spectrum. Finally, based on 19 times elastic-plastic time-history response calculation results of 12-storey frame structures, the influence of long-period ground motion pulse period and pulse duration on the seismic response of high-rise structures is analyzed.
(4) The damage mechanism of high-rise structures subjected to three kinds of long-period ground motions is studied and compared. Firstly, the correlation between the maximum instantaneous input energy of long-period ground motions and the maximum displacement response of elastic-plastic single-degree-of-freedom system is analyzed. Then, based on the proposed SDA method, the damage evolution characteristics of high-rise structures subjected to three kinds of long-period ground motions are compared by 54 times elastic-plastic time-history analysis. Finally, the nonlinear control of high-rise structures under long-period ground motions is analyzed by EMD. The concept of effective long-period ground motion is proposed, the effective peak value and effective peak rate are defined, and the resonance-like mechanism of high-rise structures under long-period ground motion is revealed. The mechanism of long-period ground motion on high rise structures is revealed.
(5) The seismic design method of structures considering the effect of long-period ground motion is studied. Firstly, the seismic intensity, design ground motion parameters, design response spectrum and time-history analysis method in the current seismic code of China are analyzed. Then, 400 elastic-plastic single selves are constructed based on 100 long-period ground motion records. Then, the seismic design spectrum theory of China, the United States, Japan and Europe and its applicability in considering the influence of long-period ground motion are compared and analyzed. Secondly, the spectral characteristic period and non-stationary characteristics of long-period ground motion are analyzed for long-period ground motion. The method of dividing the period of structure is discussed, and the feasibility of dividing the period of structure based on the transient effect of ground motion is analyzed.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU973.31

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