【摘要】：佛教寺院鐘鼓樓，是中國(guó)明清佛教寺院最為代表的對(duì)稱樓閣建筑。在佛教寺院中出現(xiàn)鐘鼓樓建筑之前，在宮殿、城市等其他類型建筑中，早就設(shè)置鐘樓與鼓樓。但是，目前，對(duì)于宮殿、城市、佛寺鐘鼓樓之間的相互演變關(guān)系，以及對(duì)于佛寺鐘鼓樓的形成時(shí)期，尚未有系統(tǒng)而明顯的研究成果。因此，本論文對(duì)于中國(guó)佛教寺院鐘鼓樓建筑對(duì)設(shè)制度的形成背景與建筑形制及布局特征進(jìn)行研究。 本研究，首先，考察佛寺鐘鼓樓制度的形成背景，主要對(duì)于宮殿和城市鐘鼓樓建筑的形成及演變過(guò)程進(jìn)行分析，以及對(duì)于佛教寺院內(nèi)對(duì)稱樓閣建筑的布局演變過(guò)程進(jìn)行分析。其次，考察佛寺鐘鼓樓的形成時(shí)期，即對(duì)于佛寺鐘鼓樓制度的始建時(shí)期及確立時(shí)期進(jìn)行分析。最后，對(duì)于中國(guó)佛寺鐘鼓樓實(shí)物現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行梳理，然后考察佛寺鐘鼓樓建筑形制與布局特征。此外，對(duì)于韓國(guó)佛教寺院鐘鼓樓建筑進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單梳理。 通過(guò)本研究的分析，得出如下結(jié)論： 一、佛寺鐘鼓樓制度的形成背景，可以分為外在因素和內(nèi)在因素：佛寺鐘鼓樓形成的外在因素，是宮殿鐘鼓樓制度的廢止。之后，城市鐘鼓樓和佛寺鐘鼓樓，互相影響而發(fā)展，各成為明清城市和明清佛寺的代表布局方式；佛寺鐘鼓樓形成的內(nèi)在因素，則是佛寺內(nèi)鐘樓與其他樓閣之間的對(duì)稱布局變化，即從“鐘樓與經(jīng)藏”對(duì)稱布局開(kāi)始，經(jīng)過(guò)“鐘樓與輪藏”和“鐘樓與觀音閣”對(duì)稱布局，終于固定形成為“鐘樓與鼓樓”對(duì)設(shè)布局。 二、佛寺鐘鼓樓制度的形成時(shí)期：佛寺鐘鼓樓制度的始建時(shí)期推定于元末時(shí)期，佛寺鐘鼓樓制度的確立時(shí)期推定于明代中期，即由明正統(tǒng)年間至明正德年間。 三、佛寺鐘鼓樓建筑形制與布局特征：明清佛寺鐘鼓樓最為普遍的形式為，重檐歇山頂二層樓閣式；上層為木制障日板壁，下層為磚墻；上層平面為面闊、進(jìn)深各一間，下層為面闊、進(jìn)深各三間。一般位于第一進(jìn)院落內(nèi)兩側(cè)，即山門(mén)和天王殿之間兩側(cè)。
[Abstract]:Buddhist monastery Zhong Gulou, is the most representative of the Ming and Qing Buddhist monasteries symmetrical pavilions. The bell tower and the drum tower were set up in palaces, cities and other types of buildings long before the Buddhist monastery appeared. However, at present, there are no systematic and obvious research results on the relationship between palaces, cities, Buddhist temple bell and drum towers and the forming period of Buddhist temple bell and drum towers. Therefore, this paper studies the formation background, architectural shape and layout characteristics of the building alignment system of Chinese Buddhist monastery. In this study, first of all, the background of the formation of the Buddhist temple bell and drum tower system, mainly for the palace and the city bell drum tower building formation and evolution process analysis, as well as the Buddhist temple symmetrical pavilion layout evolution process analysis. Secondly, the formation period of the Buddhist temple bell and drum tower, that is, the period of the founding and establishment of the Buddhist temple bell and drum tower system, is analyzed. Finally, the status quo of the Chinese Buddhist temple bell and drum tower is combed, and then the architectural shape and layout characteristics of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower are investigated. In addition, the Korean Buddhist monastery building Zhong Gulou simple comb. Through the analysis of this study, the following conclusions are drawn: first, the background of the formation of the Buddhist temple bell and drum tower system can be divided into external factors and internal factors: the external factor of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower formation is the abolition of the palace bell drum tower system. Later, the city bell drum tower and the Buddhist temple bell drum tower, each become the Ming and Qing dynasties city and the Ming and Qing dynasties Buddhist temple representative layout way, the Buddhist temple clock drum tower formation intrinsic factor, It is the symmetrical layout change between the bell tower and other pavilions in the Buddhist temple, that is, starting from the symmetrical layout of the bell tower and the Jing Zang, and passing through the symmetrical layout of the bell tower and the wheel Tibet and the bell tower and the Guanyin Pavilion. Finally fixed for the formation of the "bell tower and drum tower" opposite the layout. Second, the formation period of the Buddhist temple Zhong Gulou system: the founding period of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower system was presumed in the late Yuan Dynasty, and the establishment period of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower system was presumed in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, that is, from the Ming orthodox period to the Ming Dynasty. Third, the architectural form and layout characteristics of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower: the most common form of the Buddhist temple bell drum tower in the Ming and Qing dynasties is the two-story pavilion on the top of the mountain with heavy eaves; the wooden barrier on the upper floor and the brick wall at the bottom; the upper plane is wide and the depth is one each. The lower floor is wide, each three deep. Generally located in the first into the courtyard on both sides, that is, between the gate and the Temple of Heaven on both sides.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU252;TU-098.3

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本文編號(hào)：2199550