本文選題：公共建筑空間 + 組合模式�。� 參考：《武漢大學》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：快速的城市化進程和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中,人們面臨了越來越多的不確定安全因素,直接關(guān)系到億萬個家庭的幸福安寧和社會穩(wěn)定。這就對建筑學科的要求相對較高,除了建筑本身的美觀、實用、文化底蘊承載方式,還有建筑中空間與人流的科學規(guī)劃和引導(dǎo),其中公共建筑發(fā)揮著非常重要的經(jīng)濟社會作用,不安全因素對公共建筑的社會影響較大,因此對公共建筑的疏散應(yīng)急要求也非常高。城市化快速發(fā)展也大大改變了公共建筑和城市形態(tài)。如何提高這些快速發(fā)展的建筑空間的功能布局科學性一直以來都是建筑學所關(guān)注的核心間題,但是面對越來越多的不確定安全因素,人們越來越重視公共建筑的疏散效率。公共建筑的疏散效率則與空間建筑的空間布局有密切的關(guān)系,需要達到功能組合使用和疏散需求之間的協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一,形成科學合理的公共建筑空間組合分析理論與方法,這也就構(gòu)成了建筑學研究領(lǐng)域的一個非常重要、急迫的研究間題。 現(xiàn)代科學技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,給建筑學科也帶來了巨大的機遇和挑戰(zhàn)。比如：今天的建筑設(shè)計師需要面臨人類活動導(dǎo)致的環(huán)境快速變化,傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方法缺乏科學的分析數(shù)據(jù)支撐,無法快速跟上這些步伐,亟需在建筑設(shè)計完成之前,用一些積極的、科學的、有效的方法來探究建筑設(shè)計之后的運行效果。本文面向新形勢下公共建筑空間中人員安全的現(xiàn)實需求,本文立足于多學科交叉角度,綜合建筑學設(shè)計理論與方法、計算機模擬、地理學時空理論等科學領(lǐng)域的研究成果,針對公共建筑空間組合模式,開展疏散效率貢獻差異的研究。本文以此為一個重要研究契合點,向公共建筑的數(shù)字化設(shè)計與自動化評估發(fā)展趨勢和方向進行一個初步的積極探索和努力。 本文的主要研究工作和成果包括： (1)研究了公共建筑空間的精細化疏散評價指標。在充分分析公共建筑空間設(shè)計、公共建筑疏散這兩方面國內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,比較了公共建筑的空間要素和疏散要素、多種組合模式空間特點,提煉了這些模式空間特點給人員疏散帶來的可能影響；系統(tǒng)化地分析公共建筑疏散效率評價指標,包括：疏散時間、疏散距離、疏散時空利用率等,并依此為基礎(chǔ),從被疏散個體的疏散時空路徑集合的角度,提出新的支持人員自由超越的公共建筑空間疏散時空利用率這一疏散評價指標,可以統(tǒng)一對通道、房間和空間組合等進行疏散效率評價；并構(gòu)建了從疏散時空路徑到疏散效率精細化評價指標的自動化計算思路與方法。 (2)研究了基于時空軌跡的公共建筑空間組合的疏散模擬評估方法。本文基于被疏散個體的時空可達勢能理論思路,定義了三維元胞自動機疏散模擬模型規(guī)則,提出了公共建筑空間疏散效率的三維元胞自動機疏散模擬模型、框架、算法,可以方便實現(xiàn)公共建筑空間的疏散過程進行模擬；并在此基礎(chǔ)上,建立了被疏散個體時空軌跡集合與疏散效率評價指標的映射方法,最終提出了基于被疏散個體時空軌跡集合的公共建筑空間疏散效率自動化評估方法。 (3)研究了公共建筑空間組合模式對疏散效率的貢獻度量方法。本文針對公共建筑設(shè)計中對空間組合模式的數(shù)值化分析需求,提出公共建筑空間的組合層次結(jié)構(gòu)圖概念,用于表達公共建筑空間組合模式的層次間隸屬關(guān)系以及相互關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系。然后,基于所提出的公共建筑空間組合層次結(jié)構(gòu)圖概念,建立了被疏散個體時空軌跡與公共建筑空間組合層次結(jié)構(gòu)圖的映射匹配機制,提出了公共建筑空間組合模式的疏散效率貢獻度、疏散效率貢獻主路徑以及疏散效率貢獻均衡等概念或指標,可直接用于刻畫公共建筑空間組合模式對疏散效率的貢獻作用,為公共建筑空間組合模式在疏散效率方面的對比分析提供計算依據(jù)。形成面向公共建筑空間組合模式的疏散效率貢獻差異的新定量化評估方法。 (4)結(jié)合單一空間組合模式、一般簡單建筑設(shè)計方案、國際競標大型建筑設(shè)計方案等三個層次的試驗例子,對所提出的模型、方法進行了實驗與分析。本文具體研發(fā)了公共建筑空間疏散效率分析實驗原型系統(tǒng),可以實現(xiàn)公共建筑空間的自動導(dǎo)入,公共建筑空間內(nèi)被疏散個體的疏散過程模擬,從而導(dǎo)出所有被疏散個體的疏散時空路徑集合、以及各通道、房間對應(yīng)的所提出疏散評估指標值,為空間組合模式的對比分析提供實驗數(shù)據(jù)。然后,結(jié)合模擬出來的公共建筑空間內(nèi)被疏散個體的疏散時空路徑集合以及所提出疏散評估指標值,分別對單一空間組合模式、一般簡單建筑設(shè)計方案、國際競標大型建筑設(shè)計方案等,分析這些實驗案例的疏散效率、疏散效率貢獻度、疏散效率貢獻主路徑及其均衡指標等,證實了所提出概念與方法的正確性和合理性。 本文的研究成果能夠為新安全形勢下的公共建筑空間人員疏散提供模擬與分析方法,為公共建筑空間組合模式的設(shè)計提供定量化的分析對比數(shù)據(jù)支撐,為建筑學研究中的空間組合布局理論與規(guī)則提供科學分析方法依據(jù)；為建筑設(shè)計師們的公共建筑空間設(shè)計提供實用的疏散效率分析技術(shù)手段,提高建筑理論與方法在疏散方面的適應(yīng)能力和滿足能力,進而最終促進公共建筑空間組合模式設(shè)計的科學化發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In the process of rapid urbanization and economic development, people are facing more and more uncertain security factors, which are directly related to the happiness and stability and social stability of hundreds of millions of families. This is a relatively high requirement for the architecture discipline, in addition to the aesthetic, practical, cultural background carrying ways of the architecture itself, and the science of space and human flow in the architecture. Planning and guidance, among which public buildings play a very important economic and social role, unsafe factors have great influence on public buildings, so the emergency requirements for public buildings are also very high. The rapid development of urbanization has also greatly changed the public buildings and urban forms. How to improve the rapid development of the building space The scientific feature of functional layout has always been the core question of architecture. But in the face of more and more uncertain security factors, people pay more and more attention to the evacuation efficiency of public buildings. The evacuation efficiency of public buildings is closely related to the spatial layout of space buildings, and needs to be achieved in functional combination and evacuation needs. To form a scientific and rational theory and method for the analysis of space combination of public buildings, which is a very important and urgent research topic in the field of architecture.
The rapid development of modern science and technology has brought great opportunities and challenges to the architecture discipline. For example, today's architects need to face the rapid changes in the environment caused by human activities. The traditional design method is short of scientific analysis data support and can not keep up with these steps quickly. It is urgent to use one before the completion of the architectural design. Some positive, scientific and effective methods to explore the operation effect after the architectural design. This article is oriented to the practical needs of the personnel safety in the public building space under the new situation. This article is based on the multidisciplinary cross angle, the comprehensive architecture design theory and method, the computer simulation, the geography and the space-time theory and other scientific fields. The research on the difference in the contribution of evacuation efficiency to the space combination pattern of public buildings is an important research point, and a preliminary active exploration and effort are made to the development trend and direction of the digital design and automation evaluation of public buildings.
The main research work and achievements of this paper include:
(1) the evaluation index of the fine evacuation of public building space is studied. On the basis of the analysis of the two aspects of public architecture space design and public building evacuation, the spatial features and evacuation factors of public buildings are compared and the spatial characteristics of various combination modes are compared, and the spatial characteristics of these models are refined to bring the evacuation to the people. A systematic analysis of the evacuation efficiency evaluation indexes of public buildings, including evacuation time, evacuation distance and evacuation time utilization, is systematically analyzed, and based on this, from the point of view of the evacuation time and space path set of evacuees, the evacuation time utilization rate of new public building space evacuation is proposed. The evaluation index can be used to evaluate the evacuation efficiency of the channel, the room and the space combination, and the idea and method of the automatic calculation from the evacuation time and space path to the precision evaluation of the evacuation efficiency are also constructed.
(2) the evacuation simulation evaluation method for space combination of public buildings based on space-time trajectory is studied. Based on the time and space reachable potential energy theory of evacuated individuals, this paper defines the rule of three-dimensional cellular automata evacuation simulation model, and puts forward a three dimensional cellular automaton evacuation simulation model, framework and algorithm for space evacuation efficiency of public buildings. The evacuation process of public building space can be conveniently simulated, and on this basis, the mapping method of the set of space-time trajectory set and evaluation index of evacuation efficiency is set up. Finally, an automatic evaluation method for space evacuation efficiency of public buildings based on the set of space-time trajectories of the evacuated individuals is proposed.
(3) the method of measuring the contribution of space combination mode to evacuation efficiency is studied. In this paper, in view of the numerical analysis requirement of space combination pattern in public architecture design, the concept of composite hierarchy structure of public building space is put forward to express the subordinate relationship and interrelation between the spatial composition patterns of public buildings. Then, based on the proposed concept of the spatial structure of public buildings, the mapping and matching mechanism of the space-time trajectories of the evacuated individuals and the spatial structure of the public buildings is established. The contribution of the evacuation efficiency, the contribution of the dispersion efficiency and the contribution balance of the evacuation efficiency are put forward. The concept or index can be used to describe the contribution of the spatial combination pattern of public buildings to the evacuation efficiency, and provide the basis for the comparison and analysis of the evacuation efficiency in the space combination mode of public buildings.
(4) combining the single space combination mode, the general simple building design scheme, the international bidding large building design scheme, the experiment and analysis of the proposed model and method are carried out. The experimental prototype system of the spatial evacuation efficiency analysis of public buildings is developed in this paper, which can realize the space of the public building. The evacuation process of the evacuated individuals in the public building space is simulated, and the evacuation time and space path sets of all evacuated individuals are derived, as well as the corresponding evacuation evaluation index values of the various channels. The experimental data are provided for the comparison and analysis of the spatial combination model. Then, the simulated public building space is combined with the simulated data. The evacuation time and space path set of evacuate individual and the value of evacuation evaluation index are presented, respectively, for single space combination mode, general simple building design scheme, international bidding large building design scheme, etc., and analyze the evacuation efficiency, evacuation efficiency contribution degree, evacuation efficiency contribution main path and equilibrium index of these experimental cases, and so on. The correctness and rationality of the proposed concepts and methods are presented.
The research results of this paper can provide the simulation and analysis method for the evacuation of public buildings in the new security situation, provide quantitative analysis and contrast data support for the design of the spatial combination pattern of public buildings, provide the scientific analysis method for the space combination layout theory and rules in the architecture research, and design the architectural design for the architecture. The public building space design of the teachers provides practical methods to analyze the efficiency of evacuation, and improves the adaptability and satisfaction of the building theory and method in the evacuation, and finally promotes the scientific development of the design of the spatial combination pattern of the public buildings.
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU242

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本文編號：2103971