本文選題：公共建筑 + 電耗強(qiáng)度�。� 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著城市化進(jìn)程的推進(jìn),以及第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的大力發(fā)展,我國建筑面積和建筑能耗持續(xù)增長,發(fā)展綠色建筑成為我國近五年以及未來建筑領(lǐng)域節(jié)能減排的一項(xiàng)重要舉措。然而,國內(nèi)針對(duì)公共建筑能耗水平的定額研究較少,尤其是針對(duì)全國各氣候區(qū)不同類型建筑的研究,這為我國建筑能耗監(jiān)管帶來了不便。而綠色公共建筑的實(shí)際運(yùn)行能效研究更是匱乏。本論文首先解析中國三個(gè)氣候區(qū)、10類建筑除集中供暖外的電耗強(qiáng)度(EUI)特征,探討了我國公共建筑與美、英、日三國同類建筑的能耗水平差異。其次,采用文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研法總結(jié)了中美綠色公共建筑的能耗水平,并以蘇州工業(yè)園區(qū)(SIP)和美國加州大學(xué)圣巴巴拉校園(UCSB)為案例,分析了綠色公共建筑的實(shí)際運(yùn)行能效和設(shè)計(jì)能效差異,并從用能系統(tǒng)、用能行為和室內(nèi)環(huán)境滿意度等方面,對(duì)差異產(chǎn)生的原因進(jìn)行了半定量分析。研究結(jié)果表明：從建筑類型來看,我國公共建筑中,商場(chǎng)超市建筑(65-191kWh/m2)、賓館飯店建筑(80-150 kWh/m2)、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生建筑(62-132 kWh/m2)和其他類別建筑(37-162 kWh/m2)為高能耗建筑,是建筑節(jié)能監(jiān)管的重點(diǎn)。從區(qū)域水平來看,夏熱冬冷地區(qū)的公共建筑電耗水平最高,夏熱冬暖地區(qū)其次,寒冷地區(qū)電耗水平最低。此外,對(duì)于機(jī)關(guān)辦公建筑,其電耗水平與建筑面積均呈現(xiàn)出良好的EUI-S相關(guān)關(guān)系,(超)大型城市的機(jī)關(guān)辦公建筑電耗明顯高于中小城市,上世紀(jì)建造的機(jī)關(guān)辦公建筑電耗較本世紀(jì)建造的高�？傮w來看,當(dāng)前我國的公共建筑能耗水平還遠(yuǎn)低于美英日發(fā)達(dá)國家,并呈現(xiàn)出“左偏移-雙峰分布”特征。綠色公共建筑整體上較普通公共建筑節(jié)能,但個(gè)體能耗表現(xiàn)出較大的差異。案例分析結(jié)果顯示,SIP的一個(gè)辦公建筑存在50%的能效差異,而UCSB的三個(gè)教育建筑均存在程度不一(18%-94%)的能效差異。引起綠色公共建筑能效差異的因素主要為模擬工況中對(duì)該建筑使用情況的估計(jì)不足和偏差,且辦公人員安排密集、辦公設(shè)備密度高。綠色公共建筑的室內(nèi)光環(huán)境和熱環(huán)境令人滿意,但通風(fēng)狀況的滿意度較差。從室內(nèi)住戶行為模式來看,多數(shù)綠色公共建筑的住戶偏向于節(jié)能的行為模式,但仍有用能不當(dāng)?shù)默F(xiàn)象；此外,建筑管理人員與住戶之間缺乏溝通會(huì)影響到住戶的用能行為。因此,發(fā)展綠色建筑仍將是我國實(shí)現(xiàn)建筑可持續(xù)發(fā)展的有效途徑,但是綠色公共建筑的高效運(yùn)行離不開綠色住戶的正確使用和管理人員的合理維護(hù)。未來我國在提高公共建筑能效方面需要嚴(yán)格新建建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),開展既有建筑節(jié)能改造,做好機(jī)關(guān)辦公建筑和大型公共建筑的能效統(tǒng)計(jì)監(jiān)測(cè),積極發(fā)展綠色建筑并加強(qiáng)管理和維護(hù)、保障其運(yùn)行績(jī)效。
[Abstract]:With the advancement of urbanization and the development of tertiary industry, the building area and building energy consumption in our country are increasing continuously. The development of green building has become an important measure of energy saving and emission reduction in the field of building in recent five years and in the future. However, there are few studies on the energy consumption level of public buildings in China, especially for different types of buildings in different climate areas of the country, which brings inconvenience to the supervision of building energy consumption in China. But the green public building's actual operation energy efficiency research is even less. In this paper, the characteristics of energy consumption of 10 types of buildings in three climatic regions of China except central heating are analyzed, and the difference of energy consumption level between China's public buildings and similar buildings in the United States, Britain and Japan is discussed. Secondly, the paper summarizes the energy consumption level of green public buildings in China and the United States by literature research, and takes Sipi (Suzhou Industrial Park) and UCSB (University of California, Santa Barbara) as examples. This paper analyzes the difference between practical operation energy efficiency and design energy efficiency of green public buildings, and makes a semi-quantitative analysis on the causes of the difference from the aspects of energy use system, energy use behavior and indoor environment satisfaction. The results show that in the public buildings of our country, 65-191kWh-m-2, 80-150kWhm-2, 62-132kWhm2and 37-162kWhm-2) and other types of buildings are high energy consumption buildings, which are the key points of building energy conservation supervision. From the regional level, the power consumption of public buildings is the highest in hot summer and cold winter area, followed by hot summer and warm winter area, and the lowest power consumption level in cold area. In addition, for office buildings, there is a good EUI-S correlation between the level of power consumption and the building area. The power consumption of office buildings in large cities is significantly higher than that in small and medium-sized cities. The power consumption of office buildings built in the last century is higher than that built in this century. In general, the level of energy consumption of public buildings in China is far lower than that in the developed countries of the United States, Britain and Japan. Green public buildings are more energy efficient than ordinary public buildings, but the individual energy consumption is different. The results of case study show that there is a 50% difference in energy efficiency in one office building of SIP, while the three educational buildings of UCSB have different degrees of energy efficiency. The main factors causing the difference in energy efficiency of green public buildings are the lack of estimation and deviation of the use of the building in the simulated working conditions, the dense arrangement of office personnel and the high density of office equipment. The indoor light environment and thermal environment of green public buildings are satisfactory, but the satisfaction of ventilation is poor. From the point of view of indoor household behavior patterns, most green public buildings households prefer energy-saving behavior patterns, but there is still improper use of energy; in addition, lack of communication between building managers and households will affect household energy use behavior. Therefore, the development of green buildings will still be an effective way to realize the sustainable development of buildings in China, but the efficient operation of green public buildings can not be separated from the correct use of green households and the reasonable maintenance of management personnel. In the future, in improving the energy efficiency of public buildings, we need to strictly establish new building energy efficiency design standards, carry out energy saving transformation of existing buildings, and do a good job in statistical monitoring of energy efficiency of office buildings and large public buildings. Actively develop green buildings and strengthen management and maintenance to ensure their operational performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU111.195

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