本文選題：二氧化錳 + 吸附��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來我國頻繁發(fā)生重金屬污染事件，地表水源的重金屬污染日趨嚴重。由于重金屬具有毒性，能夠產生生物富集并無法非生物降解，這使得水體的重金屬污染引起了人們的廣泛關注。常規(guī)水處理工藝不能有效去除水中重金屬離子，應用于工業(yè)含重金屬離子廢水的處理技術由于處理規(guī)模有限，在凈化飲用水源水質過程中并不適用，并且這些技術對水中微量重金屬離子的去除效能不高，出水水質難以滿足《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標準》（GB5749-2006）。吸附法被認為是去除水中重金屬離子最有效的方法，緣于其具有適用濃度廣、操作簡單、易于規(guī)�；膬�(yōu)點。但常用吸附劑對重金屬離子不具備高選擇性和高吸附效能，因此有必要尋找高效能的吸附劑。本實驗采用原位生成二氧化錳作為吸附劑，研究了其對重金屬離子吸附去除效能的影響，并對去除機制進行了初步討論。 本實驗選取不同種類的氧化劑和還原劑，以高錳酸鉀+硫酸錳、高錳酸鉀+氯化錳、高錳酸鉀+硫代硫酸鈉、次氯酸鈉+硫酸錳、次氯酸鈉+氯化錳五種方式原位生成二氧化錳，通過對重金屬離子去除效能的對比以及表征分析，選取高錳酸鉀+硫酸錳為原位生成二氧化錳的最佳方式。 對原位生成二氧化錳去除水中重金屬離子進行效能分析，結果表明其吸附量明顯高于其他吸附劑，經Langmuir模型估算，對鉛(Ⅱ)、鎘(Ⅱ)、鎳(Ⅱ)、鋅(Ⅱ)、銅(Ⅱ)的最大吸附容量分別為625.00mg/g、138.66mg/g、104.21mg/g、81.60mg/g、240.49mg/g。原位生成二氧化錳對重金屬離子的吸附速度快，目標物的去除率隨二氧化錳投量和溶液pH的升高而顯著增加。水溶液中存在的鎂離子對去除效能基本沒有影響，鈣離子的存在能在有限程度內降低二氧化錳對重金屬離子的吸附效率。氯離子、硝酸根、硫酸根對吸附效能不產生明顯影響，碳酸根、磷酸根、硅酸根、硼酸根的存在可以有效促進二氧化錳對重金屬離子的去除。不同種類的重金屬離子與原位生成二氧化錳的親和力不同，二氧化錳對鉛(Ⅱ)具有遠高于其他重金屬離子的優(yōu)先選擇性。在實際水體中，原位生成二氧化錳能夠有效去除微量重金屬離子，在突發(fā)性污染事件中，具有極大的應用潛力。 X射線衍射表征結果顯示，原位生成二氧化錳中可能存在二氧化錳晶體，表明其對重金屬離子的去除是吸附和共沉淀共同作用的結果。傅立葉紅外吸收光譜對比表明，，原位生成二氧化錳吸附重金屬離子后，Mn-O特征吸收峰產生了偏移，可能有Pb-O、Cd-O、Ni-O、Zn-O、Cu-O生成，其來源是內球表面絡合物的生成或重金屬離子對錳產生的置換。X射線電子能譜表明，重金屬離子被原位生成二氧化錳吸附后，特征峰出現(xiàn)偏移，有重金屬離子對應的氧化物生成，進一步證明了二氧化錳吸附重金屬離子的過程形成內球表面絡合物。
[Abstract]:In recent years, heavy metal pollution has occurred frequently in China, and heavy metal pollution in surface water sources is becoming more and more serious. Due to the toxicity of heavy metals, bioconcentration and non-biodegradation can be produced, which makes the pollution of heavy metals in water attract widespread attention. The conventional water treatment process can not effectively remove heavy metal ions in water. Because of the limited scale of treatment, it is not suitable for purifying the drinking water source water in the process of treating industrial wastewater containing heavy metal ions. The removal efficiency of these technologies for trace heavy metal ions in water is not high, and the effluent quality is difficult to meet the sanitary standard of drinking water (GB5749-2006). Adsorption method is considered to be the most effective method for removing heavy metal ions in water because of its advantages of wide applicable concentration, simple operation and easy to scale. However, common adsorbents do not have high selectivity and high adsorption efficiency for heavy metal ions, so it is necessary to search for high efficiency adsorbents. In this experiment, manganese dioxide in situ was used as adsorbent to study the effect of manganese dioxide on the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions, and the removal mechanism was discussed. In this experiment, different kinds of oxidants and reductants were used, such as potassium permanganate manganese sulfate, potassium permanganate manganese chloride, potassium permanganate sodium thiosulfate, sodium hypochlorite manganese sulfate, etc. Manganese dioxide was produced in situ by sodium hypochlorite and manganese chloride. By comparing and characterizing the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions, potassium permanganate manganese sulfate was selected as the best way to produce manganese dioxide in situ. The efficiency of in situ manganese dioxide removal of heavy metal ions in water was analyzed. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of manganese dioxide was significantly higher than that of other adsorbents, which was estimated by Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities of lead (鈪

本文編號：1977285