本文選題：夜間通風(fēng) + 理想建筑模型��； 參考：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展和人們生活水平的提高，夏季空調(diào)能耗逐漸成為現(xiàn)代社會(huì)能源消耗的重點(diǎn)。與此同時(shí)，隨著全球能源問(wèn)題日趨緊張，被動(dòng)式建筑降溫技術(shù)逐漸成為業(yè)界關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。夜間通風(fēng)降溫技術(shù)一方面可以很大程度的降低建筑制冷能耗，同時(shí)還可以改善室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量，因此逐漸成為國(guó)內(nèi)外研究的重要課題之一。但是，由于受到多方面的限制，在實(shí)際應(yīng)用方面夜間通風(fēng)降溫技術(shù)并未普遍推廣。因此，如何使夜間通風(fēng)技術(shù)應(yīng)用在建筑的初步設(shè)計(jì)階段是目前夜間通風(fēng)技術(shù)發(fā)展的重要方向，這也是本文的研究重點(diǎn)所在。 本文以夜間通風(fēng)的降溫機(jī)理作為研究基礎(chǔ)，建立夜間通風(fēng)建筑熱物理模型，通過(guò)對(duì)影響夜間通風(fēng)多個(gè)相關(guān)參數(shù)分析，尤其是對(duì)建筑熱工參數(shù)和通風(fēng)參數(shù)進(jìn)行分析并得出不同參數(shù)對(duì)夜間通風(fēng)利用效果影響，通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)研究對(duì)理論模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證和修正；在此基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)影響夜間通風(fēng)效果顯著的主要參數(shù)進(jìn)行提煉，以獲取氣象參數(shù)——建筑參數(shù)——降溫效果的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系；最后，綜合以上研究，提出一種應(yīng)用相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的夜間通風(fēng)建筑熱工設(shè)計(jì)方法，為夜間通風(fēng)降溫技術(shù)在建筑設(shè)計(jì)初期階段的應(yīng)用提供指導(dǎo)性的設(shè)計(jì)方法，從而推動(dòng)夜間通風(fēng)降溫技術(shù)更為廣泛和有效的應(yīng)用。 本文的主要工作和研究結(jié)論如下： 首先，對(duì)夜間通風(fēng)降溫的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的總結(jié)，將針對(duì)夜間通風(fēng)的研究劃分為對(duì)外部環(huán)境的研究、對(duì)建筑自身性能的研究和對(duì)于使用環(huán)境的研究三個(gè)大類(lèi)，分別對(duì)其進(jìn)行了廣泛的文獻(xiàn)分析整理，并進(jìn)行了體系化的歸納總結(jié)。 其次，依據(jù)建筑傳熱基礎(chǔ)理論提出了夜間通風(fēng)理想建筑熱物理模型，并利用數(shù)理方法對(duì)理想建筑夜間通風(fēng)熱物理模型進(jìn)行了差分求解，，獲得室內(nèi)空氣逐時(shí)溫度和墻體內(nèi)表面逐時(shí)溫度的計(jì)算方法，引入延遲時(shí)間和衰減系數(shù)的概念，求解出室內(nèi)空氣溫度隨時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律。并提出以蓄熱量（Mc m）作為建筑熱工性能參數(shù)指標(biāo)，對(duì)影響建筑夜間通風(fēng)效果的參量進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析。 為了驗(yàn)證模型求解結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性，在西安地區(qū)選取了一棟高層建筑進(jìn)行了為期兩周的實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試。從14天的測(cè)試結(jié)果中選取氣象條件最佳的2天，與模型計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比，對(duì)比結(jié)果表明模型計(jì)算結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試結(jié)果在整體趨勢(shì)上有較好的吻合。 最后，在前述夜間通風(fēng)理想建筑熱物理模型的基礎(chǔ)上，依據(jù)我國(guó)北方地區(qū)不同夜間通風(fēng)降溫氣候適宜性，給出了一種夜間通風(fēng)建筑的熱工設(shè)計(jì)方法，并針對(duì)該方法的各個(gè)步驟給出了詳細(xì)的闡述。該熱工設(shè)計(jì)方法設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算步驟簡(jiǎn)單明了，計(jì)算結(jié)果較為清晰，可以對(duì)夜間通風(fēng)建筑熱環(huán)境有明確的對(duì)于和評(píng)價(jià)，對(duì)于建筑設(shè)計(jì)人員而言便于理解和應(yīng)用。利用該方法，對(duì)夜間通風(fēng)降溫潛力的四個(gè)不同等級(jí)適宜區(qū)典型城市進(jìn)行建筑熱工設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，對(duì)各個(gè)城市采用夜間通風(fēng)條件下的室內(nèi)熱舒適情況進(jìn)行分析，并給出了幾個(gè)城市想要實(shí)現(xiàn)全天熱舒適所需要的蓄熱量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the energy consumption of air conditioning in summer has gradually become the focus of energy consumption in the modern society. At the same time, as the global energy problem is becoming increasingly tense, the cooling technology of passive building has gradually become the focus of the industry. Reducing the energy consumption of building refrigeration and improving indoor air quality, it has gradually become one of the most important research topics at home and abroad. However, because of many restrictions, the night ventilation cooling technology has not been popularized in practical applications. Therefore, how to apply the night ventilation technology to the preliminary design stage of the building is the goal. The important direction of the night ventilation technology development is also the focus of this paper.
In this paper, the thermal physical model of night ventilation building is established on the basis of the mechanism of night ventilation cooling. Through the analysis of the related parameters affecting night ventilation, especially the thermal parameters and ventilation parameters of the building, the effects of different parameters on the effect of night ventilation are obtained, and the theoretical model is studied through field measurement and study. On the basis of this, the main parameters which affect the effect of night ventilation are refined to obtain the corresponding relationship between the meteorological parameters - the building parameters - the cooling effect. Finally, a relatively simple application of the thermal design method for night ventilation is proposed, which is used for the night ventilation and cooling technology. In the initial stage of building design, it provides a guiding design method to promote more extensive and effective application of night ventilation and cooling technology.
The main work and conclusions of this paper are as follows:
First of all, a detailed summary of the domestic and foreign research on night ventilation is carried out. The research on night ventilation is divided into the study of the external environment, the research on the performance of the building and the study of the environment are three major categories, and the extensive literature and analysis are carried out, and the systematic summary is carried out.
Secondly, according to the theory of building heat transfer, the thermal physical model of ideal building for night ventilation is put forward, and the mathematical method is used to solve the thermal physical model of night ventilation in the ideal building. The calculation method of indoor air time by time temperature and the time by time temperature of the inner surface of the wall is obtained, and the concept of delay time and attenuation coefficient is introduced, and the solution is solved. The indoor air temperature changes with time, and the heat storage (Mc m) is used as the parameter index of the building thermal performance, and the parameters that affect the night ventilation effect of the building are systematically analyzed.
In order to verify the accuracy of the results of the model, a high-rise building was selected in Xi'an area for two weeks. The best weather conditions were selected for 2 days from 14 days, and the results were compared with the results of the model calculation. The results showed that the results of the model calculation and the experimental results were better in the overall trend. The anastomosis.
Finally, on the basis of the thermal physical model of the ideal building for night ventilation, a thermal design method for night ventilation is given in accordance with the climate suitability of different night ventilation and cooling in the north of China. The detailed description of the steps of this method is given in detail. The design and calculation steps of the thermal design method are simple and clear. The result of the calculation is clearer, and it can be used to understand and evaluate the thermal environment of the building in the night. It is easy to understand and apply to the building designers. Using this method, the thermal design calculation of the four different grades suitable for the cooling potential of the night ventilation is carried out, and the night ventilation conditions are adopted in each city. The indoor thermal comfort situation is analyzed, and the heat storage standards for several cities to achieve thermal comfort all day are given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU111.4;TU834.3

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