本文選題：實(shí)時(shí)加載CT掃描 + 細(xì)觀破壞過程�。� 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：巖石破壞過程和機(jī)理一直是巖石力學(xué)等學(xué)科的研究熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)之一。巖石的宏觀破壞與其內(nèi)部細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)及其缺陷密切相關(guān)。要想弄清巖石失穩(wěn)機(jī)理,就必須從巖石破裂的細(xì)觀角度來研究巖石內(nèi)部微裂紋產(chǎn)生、擴(kuò)展、破壞過程。而由于巖石內(nèi)部微破裂很難直接動(dòng)態(tài)觀測,聲發(fā)射方法便成了研究巖石變形破壞過程中微破裂動(dòng)態(tài)過程的有效工具,但由于對聲發(fā)射產(chǎn)生機(jī)制及與破壞之間的關(guān)系缺乏本質(zhì)認(rèn)識,目前應(yīng)用聲發(fā)射技術(shù)對巖石內(nèi)部微破壞的研究主要依靠推測。因此,研究巖石破壞細(xì)觀機(jī)理和研究聲發(fā)射與細(xì)觀破壞之間的關(guān)系,對巖石破壞機(jī)理的認(rèn)識及聲發(fā)射技術(shù)在破壞失穩(wěn)監(jiān)測、預(yù)測中的應(yīng)用具有重要的理論和實(shí)際意義。本文采用實(shí)時(shí)加載CT掃描方法研究了峰值載荷前巖石內(nèi)部微裂紋在不同加載階段的發(fā)展規(guī)律及與聲發(fā)射之間的關(guān)系,采用非實(shí)時(shí)加載CT掃描方法研究了峰值載荷后巖石內(nèi)部貫通裂紋的賦存特征及與聲發(fā)射之間的關(guān)系,揭示了巖石破壞機(jī)理及聲發(fā)射事件產(chǎn)生原因,建立了聲發(fā)射與破壞之間的關(guān)系,應(yīng)用聲發(fā)射技術(shù)對大尺寸試件破壞過程進(jìn)行了研究,提出了破壞失穩(wěn)前兆的聲發(fā)射特征,最后,應(yīng)用RFPA數(shù)值軟件從破壞過程和應(yīng)力分布的角度探討了巖石破壞過程中裂紋擴(kuò)展的三維空間規(guī)律及破壞機(jī)理。主要研究工作總結(jié)為以下幾個(gè)方面：(1)研制了與CT系統(tǒng)和聲發(fā)射測試分析系統(tǒng)配套的加載裝置,實(shí)現(xiàn)了實(shí)時(shí)加載CT掃描和聲發(fā)射實(shí)時(shí)采集同步進(jìn)行。利用該實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)觀測到了不同加載階段泥巖、砂巖試件在峰值載荷前巖石內(nèi)部原生裂紋、孔隙等在加載過程中的變化規(guī)律和聲發(fā)射分布特征。研究了微破壞的起裂、擴(kuò)展規(guī)律及顆粒在裂紋擴(kuò)展中的作用,分析了表面裂紋破壞形式與巖石內(nèi)部細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)間的關(guān)系,分析了聲發(fā)射事件產(chǎn)生的原因及聲發(fā)射時(shí)空分布特征與細(xì)觀破壞之間的關(guān)系,建立了聲發(fā)射能量與細(xì)觀破壞類型之間的關(guān)系。(2)采用非實(shí)時(shí)加載CT掃描方法分析了花崗巖、輝長巖在峰值載荷后其內(nèi)部貫通裂紋賦存特征及聲發(fā)射時(shí)空分布特征,研究了破壞的起裂、擴(kuò)展規(guī)律及顆粒在裂紋擴(kuò)展中的作用,分析了巖石內(nèi)部貫通裂紋的擴(kuò)展規(guī)律,研究了聲發(fā)射的空間分布特征與細(xì)觀破壞、貫通裂紋擴(kuò)展過程之間的關(guān)系,建立了聲發(fā)射振鈴計(jì)數(shù)與裂紋寬度之間的關(guān)系。(3)應(yīng)用聲發(fā)射技術(shù)研究了大尺寸的細(xì)砂巖、輝長巖和花崗巖破壞過程及失穩(wěn)前兆的聲發(fā)射特征,根據(jù)聲發(fā)射時(shí)空分布特征,結(jié)合巖石最終破壞情況,提出將聲發(fā)射累積形成從集區(qū)的特征作為破壞失穩(wěn)的第一個(gè)前兆,將聲發(fā)射事件空間累積形成空白區(qū)的特征作為破壞失穩(wěn)的第二個(gè)前兆,按次序依次對破壞失穩(wěn)進(jìn)行預(yù)測。(4)應(yīng)用RFPA2D研究了非均勻性對破壞過程及機(jī)理的影響,研究了不同均勻性條件下細(xì)觀微破裂萌生、發(fā)展、貫通的過程及宏觀裂紋貫通、擴(kuò)展的機(jī)制。應(yīng)用RFPA3D從應(yīng)力場演化及裂紋三維空間擴(kuò)展的角度分析了巖石破壞過程中微破裂萌生、發(fā)展、貫通的過程及宏觀裂紋相互之間的作用。
[Abstract]:Rock failure process and mechanism have always been one of the hotspots and difficulties in rock mechanics. The macro damage of rock is closely related to its internal meso structure and its defects. To clarify the mechanism of rock instability, it is necessary to study the formation, expansion and failure process of rock micro cracks from the meso angle of rock fracture. The internal micro fracture of stone is difficult to be observed directly and dynamically. Acoustic emission method is an effective tool to study the dynamic process of micro fracture in the process of rock deformation and failure. However, due to the lack of essential understanding of the mechanism of acoustic emission and the relationship with damage, the research on the application of acoustic emission technology to the internal micro failure of rock and rock mainly depends on the speculation. The study of the mechanism of rock failure and the study of the relationship between acoustic emission and meso damage, the understanding of rock failure mechanism and the application of acoustic emission technology in failure monitoring and prediction are of great theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the real time loading CT scanning method is used to study the micro cracks in the rock before the peak load. The relationship between the development law of the loading stage and the acoustic emission is studied by using the non real-time loading CT scanning method. The relationship between the occurrence characteristics and the acoustic emission after the peak load is studied. The mechanism of rock failure and the cause of the acoustic emission events are revealed, and the relationship between the acoustic emission and the damage is established. The acoustic emission technology has been studied on the failure process of large size specimen, and the acoustic emission characteristics of the failure precursor are proposed. Finally, the three-dimensional space law and failure mechanism of the crack propagation in the process of rock failure are discussed by using the RFPA numerical software from the angle of the failure process and the stress distribution. The main research work is summarized as the following aspects. (1) the loading device is developed with the CT system and the acoustic emission test and analysis system. The real-time loading CT scan and acoustic emission real-time acquisition synchronization are carried out. The experimental system has been used to observe the original cracks in the rock and the pore in the rock before the peak load, and the variation of the pore in the loading process. The distribution characteristics of the harmonic emission are studied. The crack initiation, the propagation law and the effect of the particles in the crack propagation are studied. The relationship between the form of the surface crack damage and the meso structure of the rock is analyzed. The causes of the acoustic emission events and the relationship between the space-time distribution characteristics of the acoustic emission and the meso damage are analyzed, and the acoustic emission energy is established. The relationship with the meso damage type. (2) using the non real time loading CT scanning method, the characteristics of the interconnected crack occurrence and the acoustic emission spatio-temporal distribution of the gabbro were analyzed after the peak load, and the crack initiation, the expansion law and the effect of the particles in the crack expansion were studied. The relationship between the spatial distribution characteristics of acoustic emission and the mesoscopic damage and the process of crack propagation is studied. The relationship between the number of acoustic emission ringing and the crack width is established. (3) the acoustic emission technique is used to study the damage process of the large size fine sandstone, the gabbro and granite and the acoustic emission characteristics of the instability precursors, and the sound is based on sound. The characteristics of space-time distribution, combined with the ultimate failure of rock, are proposed to form the characteristics of acoustic emission from the set area as the first precursor of failure instability. The characteristics of the acoustic emission event space are accumulated to form the second precursors of the failure instability, and the failure instability is predicted in order by order. (4) the application of RFPA2D is studied. The effects of non-uniformity on the failure process and mechanism are studied. The process of micro fracture initiation, development, penetration and the mechanism of macro crack penetration and expansion are studied under the conditions of different homogeneity. The process of micro fracture initiation, development and penetration in the process of rock breaking through the evolution of stress field and the three-dimensional space expansion of cracks are analyzed by using RFPA3D. The interaction between macroscopic cracks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU45

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