【摘要】：隨著互聯(lián)網和軟件技術的發(fā)展,軟件系統(tǒng)架構從單體式架構到面向服務架構一直在不斷演進。近年來,面向服務的架構方式由于其靈活、解耦、規(guī)范化等諸多優(yōu)勢,被廣泛應用于大型企業(yè)系統(tǒng)架構。但是基于ESB(Enterprise Service Bus)構建的面向服務架構也存在集中化、成本高、維護難等問題。對于面向服務架構的不足,國內外互聯(lián)網企業(yè)探索通過微服務架構方式,優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)服務化的構建和管理。微服務架構去中心化、高度自治、自動化等特點進一步對系統(tǒng)架構進行解耦,并且和敏捷迭代、DevOps文化更加契合,可以使用較低的成本,滿足企業(yè)軟件研發(fā)體系結構發(fā)展需要,提高研發(fā)效率,規(guī)范服務治理。本文對使用API網關構建微服務系統(tǒng)進行了分析和研究。首先,基于Spring Boot框架和Protocol Buffers實現(xiàn)了高效的微服務開發(fā)框架,它支持服務定義、服務注冊發(fā)現(xiàn)、服務間REST和RPC通信、服務持續(xù)集成等功能。另外,結合Nginx和Lua語言的OpenResty平臺,開發(fā)了具有權限校驗、流量控制、反向代理等功能的高性能的API網關以及API網關的業(yè)務管理系統(tǒng)。按照軟件工程研發(fā)的流程和方法,結合公司具體業(yè)務和服務治理需求,通過用例建模分析系統(tǒng)需求、通過系統(tǒng)邏輯架構完成公司服務治理方案、微服務開發(fā)框架和API網關的架構設計,分析和實現(xiàn)了各系統(tǒng)之間主要接口,完成了 API網關的數(shù)據(jù)庫設計。設計流程圖、類圖和時序圖,完成本人主要負責的服務框架腳本工具、服務間通信、API網關請求代理以及流量控制配置功能的詳細設計并進行編碼實現(xiàn)。最后通過功能性測試和非功能性測試對系統(tǒng)功能和性能進行了驗證。目前本項目的微服務開發(fā)框架已經在公司多個產品線中投入使用,API網關每日支撐了數(shù)億次API調用請求。隨著公司繼續(xù)推進微服務架構快速發(fā)展,平臺化服務框架的生態(tài)會更加豐富和完善。
[Abstract]:With the development of Internet and software technology, software system architecture has been evolving from single architecture to service oriented architecture. In recent years, service-oriented architecture has been widely used in large enterprise systems because of its flexibility, decoupling, standardization and many other advantages. However, the service-oriented architecture based on ESB (Enterprise Service Bus) also has some problems, such as centralization, high cost and difficult maintenance. For the shortcomings of service-oriented architecture, domestic and foreign Internet enterprises explore the way of micro-service architecture to optimize the construction and management of system service. The characteristics of microservice architecture such as decentralization, high autonomy, automation and so on further decouple the system architecture, and it is more compatible with agile iteration and DevOps culture, and can use lower cost to meet the development needs of enterprise software R & D architecture. Improve R & D efficiency and standardize service management. This paper analyzes and studies the use of API gateway to build a micro-service system. Firstly, an efficient microservice development framework based on Spring Boot framework and Protocol Buffers is implemented. It supports service definition, service registration and discovery, REST and RPC communication between services, continuous integration of services, and so on. In addition, based on the OpenResty platform of Nginx and Lua, a high performance API gateway and a service management system of API gateway are developed with the functions of authorization check, traffic control, reverse proxy and so on. According to the process and method of software engineering research and development, combined with the specific business and service management requirements of the company, the system requirements are analyzed by use case modeling, and the corporate service governance scheme is completed through the system logic architecture. The architecture design of micro service development framework and API gateway is analyzed and implemented. The database design of API gateway is completed. Design flow chart, class diagram and timing diagram, complete the main responsible service framework script tools, inter-service communication, API gateway request agent and flow control configuration function of the detailed design and coding implementation. Finally, the function and performance of the system are verified by functional test and non-functional test. At present, the microservice development framework of this project has been put into use in many product lines of the company, and the API gateway supports hundreds of millions of API call requests a day. As the company continues to promote the rapid development of micro-service architecture, the ecosystem of platform-based service framework will be more rich and perfect.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP311.52

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