【摘要】：近幾年以來,我國空氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量問題日益嚴(yán)重,特別是城市地區(qū),人們居住和生活環(huán)境問題越來越凸顯,中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)高層一直狠抓環(huán)保,但效果不明顯。為了營造人類健康的生活環(huán)境,我國開始普及綠色住宅的建設(shè),如何發(fā)展綠色住宅日漸成為業(yè)界研究的重點(diǎn)。生態(tài)學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)是綠色住宅設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ),如何運(yùn)用生態(tài)學(xué)原理對綠色住宅的設(shè)計(jì)提供建設(shè)性意見將具有深遠(yuǎn)的意義。BIM技術(shù)將顛覆傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)工作,設(shè)計(jì)過程中就是不斷建模的過程,該模型可以全面提供設(shè)計(jì)效率,大大減少重復(fù)的設(shè)計(jì)工作�！毒G色建筑評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》是我國內(nèi)地評價(jià)和指導(dǎo)綠色住宅設(shè)計(jì)的理論支撐,讓綠色建筑的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)具體化,避免盲目地疊加綠色建筑技術(shù),使綠色建筑規(guī)范化發(fā)展。針對上述問題,本文主要綠色住宅設(shè)計(jì)階段的每個(gè)層面引入BIM技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究比對,為綠色住宅設(shè)計(jì)提供參考性的設(shè)計(jì)思路和方法。第一,通過文獻(xiàn)了解BIM概念、技術(shù)特點(diǎn)以及技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢,BIM技術(shù)全面應(yīng)用于建筑全生命期以及提高建筑行業(yè)在各階段的科學(xué)技術(shù)水平來促進(jìn)建筑業(yè)全面信息化和現(xiàn)代化,具有巨大的應(yīng)用價(jià)值和廣闊的應(yīng)用前景,這一強(qiáng)大的應(yīng)用優(yōu)勢完全契合綠色建筑的宗旨。我們找到了解決上述問題的辦法和方向。第二,對《綠色建筑評價(jià)規(guī)范》進(jìn)行研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然適應(yīng)了我國當(dāng)前建筑業(yè)的發(fā)展,但是綠色建筑技術(shù)的使用方法和適用范圍沒有詳細(xì)說明。由于我國幅員遼闊,各地域氣候和地形差異巨大,《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》未能在生態(tài)建筑層面上給予技術(shù)支持,并且沒有給出具體項(xiàng)目使用哪些適合本項(xiàng)目特點(diǎn)的綠色建筑技術(shù)。所以我國現(xiàn)行的《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》體系并不完善,需要尋找一種新的理論和技術(shù)配合才能科學(xué)地推動(dòng)我國綠色建筑的發(fā)展。第三,通過中國傳統(tǒng)建筑的文獻(xiàn)資料總結(jié)出古人設(shè)計(jì)住宅的一套理念和角度,通過現(xiàn)代綠色建筑的理念與傳統(tǒng)建筑的比較,總結(jié)出綠色建筑的四個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn):是一是節(jié)能,節(jié)能觀念始終貫穿整個(gè)住宅的生命期;二是因地制宜,結(jié)合周邊環(huán)境、氣候確定建筑設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格,使用本土化建材,不破壞當(dāng)?shù)厮岛椭脖?是生態(tài)建筑的體現(xiàn)。三是讓室內(nèi)環(huán)境親近自然,建筑內(nèi)外部能夠科學(xué)地循環(huán),適應(yīng)周邊氣候變化;四是建筑全壽命期不對環(huán)境構(gòu)成破壞。第四,文章通過文獻(xiàn)資料總結(jié)并且結(jié)合作者BIM設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)歷以及綠色建筑評價(jià)經(jīng)歷對BIM技術(shù)與我國綠色建筑設(shè)計(jì)相結(jié)合的實(shí)用性做了展開。BIM技術(shù)對綠色建筑的設(shè)計(jì)提供強(qiáng)有力的技術(shù)支持,從規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)階段開始建立信息化模型,結(jié)合項(xiàng)目所在地的氣象資料和環(huán)境因素,通過BIM技術(shù)分析軟件對項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行精確化展現(xiàn),再以《綠色建筑評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》以及相關(guān)規(guī)范為指導(dǎo)對項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)加以修正、管理和決策。最后,以一個(gè)住宅設(shè)計(jì)為例,通過BIM技術(shù)對方案設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行調(diào)整和作出決策,使住宅的設(shè)計(jì)更加有方向地朝綠色住宅建筑發(fā)展,可以從宏觀到微觀不同層次上對建筑進(jìn)行分析,給建筑師提供高精度的模擬數(shù)據(jù)用來給建筑設(shè)計(jì)提供決策。BIM技術(shù)軟件可以使建筑適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂驐l件并且能夠結(jié)合建筑本身特點(diǎn)來設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)有經(jīng)濟(jì)性和可持續(xù)的綠色建筑項(xiàng)目。綠色建筑的設(shè)計(jì)階段對綠色建筑的建造和運(yùn)營管理起著至關(guān)重要的作用,更是綠色住宅生命期重要的組成部分。由于缺少全國性項(xiàng)目的工程實(shí)踐,提出的設(shè)計(jì)模式或使用的軟件難免不盡完善,還有很多需要進(jìn)一步完善的地方。本文的寫作雖已結(jié)束,但作者對綠色建筑設(shè)計(jì)的工作和探索不會就此終止,希望本文的綠色住宅設(shè)計(jì)理念和思路對今后類似研究提供一些參考和幫助。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's air quality problems have become increasingly serious, especially in urban areas, people's living and living environment problems are becoming more and more prominent, the central leadership has been hard to pay attention to environmental protection, but the effect is not obvious. Ecology design is the foundation of green residential design. It will be of far-reaching significance to provide constructive suggestions for green residential design by using ecology principles. BIM technology will subvert the traditional design work. The design process is a process of continuous modeling. The model can provide overall design efficiency and greatly reduce the design cost. Green Building Evaluation Criteria is the theoretical support for evaluating and guiding green residential design in the Mainland of China. It makes the design parameters of green buildings concrete, avoids blindly overlapping green building technology, and standardizes the development of green buildings. First, through the literature understanding of the concept of BIM, technical characteristics and technical advantages, BIM technology is applied to the full life of the building industry and improve the level of science and technology at all stages of the construction industry to promote the construction industry information and now. Modernization has great application value and broad application prospects. This strong application advantage fully conforms to the purpose of green building. We have found the solution and direction to solve the above problems. Secondly, the study of "green building evaluation code" shows that although it adapts to the development of China's current construction industry, green building technology Because of the vast territory of our country and the huge difference of climate and terrain in different regions, the < Standard > can not provide technical support on the level of ecological architecture, and does not give the specific projects which are suitable for the characteristics of green building technology. So the current < Standard > system is not complete. Good, we need to find a new theory and technology to promote the scientific development of green building in China. Third, through the literature of traditional Chinese architecture, summed up a set of ideas and angles of ancient people's design of housing, through the concept of modern green building and traditional building comparison, summed up the four remarkable characteristics of green building: It is an energy-saving concept throughout the life of the entire residential; second, according to local conditions, combined with the surrounding environment, climate to determine architectural design style, the use of localized building materials, do not destroy the local water system and vegetation, is the embodiment of ecological architecture. Fourthly, the paper summarizes the literature and combines the author's BIM design experience and green building evaluation experience to develop the practicability of combining BIM technology with green building design in China. At the stage of planning and design, the information model is set up, the meteorological data and environmental factors of the project site are combined, the project is displayed accurately by BIM technology analysis software, and then the project design is revised, managed and made decision under the guidance of and relevant specifications. Through the BIM technology to adjust and make decisions on the scheme design, the residential design will be more directional toward green residential buildings. The architecture can be analyzed from macro to micro levels, providing architects with high-precision simulation data to provide decision-making for architectural design. The design stage of green building plays an important role in the construction and operation management of green building, and it is also an important part of the life cycle of green residence. Although this paper is finished, the author's work and Exploration on green building design will not stop at this point. I hope that the green residential design ideas and ideas in this paper will provide some reference and help for similar research in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU17;TU241.91

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