基于PXI總線技術(shù)的電阻抗成像系統(tǒng)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-07 08:27
【摘要】：電阻抗斷層成像(Electrical Impedance Tomography,EIT)技術(shù),作為繼形態(tài)、結(jié)構(gòu)成像之后,出現(xiàn)的一種新興的功能性成像技術(shù)。相比于傳統(tǒng)的CT成像技術(shù),電阻抗斷層成像技術(shù)具有非侵入性、無損害檢測,功能性成像,結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,使用方便,成像速度快,可多次測量、重復(fù)使用,便于進(jìn)行長期連續(xù)監(jiān)護(hù)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。傳統(tǒng)的電阻抗成像系統(tǒng)是按照英國謝菲爾德大學(xué)最早提出的相鄰激勵和相鄰測量的工作模式設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)的,但是相鄰測量的模式存在著相同激勵情況下測量數(shù)據(jù)之間存在相位差的缺陷。本研究的重點(diǎn)工作即是研究設(shè)計(jì)同步測量的電阻抗成像系統(tǒng)。論文主要圍繞以下三方面進(jìn)行闡述。一、基于PXI+FPGA的異步測量EIT系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì):1.在實(shí)驗(yàn)室原有的FPGA電阻抗成像系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)上,將數(shù)據(jù)采集部分改進(jìn)為基于PXI總線的數(shù)據(jù)采集卡。搭建由被測對象,數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)和成像計(jì)算機(jī)三部分組成的基于PXI+FPGA的異步測量EIT系統(tǒng)硬件平臺并完成調(diào)試。2.采用LabVIEW和MATLAB語言開發(fā)了上述系統(tǒng)的軟件程序。3.在物理實(shí)驗(yàn)水槽上進(jìn)行不同尺寸目標(biāo)的靜態(tài)成像實(shí)驗(yàn),并且利用圖形重建算法實(shí)現(xiàn)了圖像重構(gòu)。二、基于PXI總線的同步測量EIT系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì):1.搭建由被測對象、激勵源模塊、切換開關(guān)模塊、數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊、控制器模塊和上位計(jì)算機(jī)組成的基于PXI總線的同步測量EIT系統(tǒng)硬件平臺并完成調(diào)試。2.采用LabVIEW和LabVIEW FPGA軟件平臺,開發(fā)并完善了同步測量EIT系統(tǒng)軟件。3.對系統(tǒng)性能進(jìn)行測試。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,系統(tǒng)的性能達(dá)到成像要求。4.對不同的目標(biāo)物體進(jìn)行靜態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)和動態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn),并經(jīng)過圖像重建算法進(jìn)行圖像重構(gòu),成像結(jié)果經(jīng)過評價(jià)指標(biāo)衡量,比較理想。5.對比了異步測量與同步測量的成像結(jié)果。三、基于PXI總線的同步測量EIT系統(tǒng)的肺呼吸過程圖像重構(gòu):1.將EIT系統(tǒng)用于人體呼吸過程的成像,最重要的就是對電極進(jìn)行改造。論文針對市場上常用的銀/氯化銀心電電極進(jìn)行對比與選擇。對選定的電極采用阻抗分析儀進(jìn)行阻抗特性測試,測試結(jié)果證明其特性滿足電阻抗測量要求。2.對人體的肺呼吸過程進(jìn)行電阻抗圖像重建,成像結(jié)果直觀反映了人體肺呼吸過程的電阻抗變化。本論文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)主要體現(xiàn)在實(shí)現(xiàn)了同步測量的新型電阻抗斷層成像系統(tǒng),克服了異步測量相位差引起的測量誤差,獲得比較滿意的成像結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:Electrical Impedance Tomography (Electrical Impedance) is a new functional imaging technology, which comes into being as a new functional imaging technology. Compared with traditional CT imaging technology, Electrical Impedance Tomography technology has non-invasive, no damage detection, functional imaging, simple structure, easy to use, fast imaging speed, can be measured multiple times, repeated use. Convenient for long-term continuous monitoring and other advantages. The traditional electrical impedance imaging system is designed and implemented according to the working mode of adjacent excitation and adjacent measurement proposed by the University of Sheffield in England. However, the adjacent measurement mode has the defect of phase difference between the measured data under the same excitation. The focus of this study is to design an electrical impedance imaging system for synchronous measurement. The paper mainly focuses on the following three aspects. First, the design of asynchronous measurement EIT system based on PXI FPGA: 1. Based on the original FPGA electrical impedance imaging system in the laboratory, the data acquisition part is improved to a data acquisition card based on PXI bus. The hardware platform of asynchronous measurement EIT system based on PXI FPGA is built, which is composed of tested object, data acquisition system and imaging computer, and debugging. 2. The software program. 3. 3 of the above system is developed by LabVIEW and MATLAB. The static imaging experiments of different size targets are carried out on the water tank of physical experiment, and the image reconstruction is realized by using the graphic reconstruction algorithm. Second, the design of synchronous measurement EIT system based on PXI bus: 1. 1. The hardware platform of synchronous measurement EIT system based on PXI bus is built, which is composed of tested object, excitation source module, switch module, data acquisition module, controller module and upper computer. Using LabVIEW and LabVIEW FPGA software platform, the synchronous measurement EIT system software. 3. 3 has been developed and perfected. Test the system performance. Experimental results show that the performance of the system meets the imaging requirements. 4. 4. The static and dynamic experiments of different target objects are carried out, and the image reconstruction algorithm is used to reconstruct the image. The imaging results of asynchronous measurement and synchronous measurement are compared. Third, the lung respiratory process image reconstruction of EIT system based on PXI bus. The most important thing to apply EIT system to the imaging of human breathing process is to modify the electrode. The paper contrasts and selects silver / silver chloride electrocardiogram electrode which is commonly used in the market. The impedance characteristic of the selected electrode is tested by impedance analyzer. The test results show that the characteristics meet the requirements of impedance measurement. 2. The electrical impedance image of human lung respiration process is reconstructed, and the imaging results reflect the electrical impedance changes of human lung respiration process. The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the realization of a new electrical impedance tomography system for synchronous measurement, which overcomes the measurement error caused by asynchronous measurement of phase difference and obtains satisfactory imaging results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP391.41
本文編號：2169460
[Abstract]:Electrical Impedance Tomography (Electrical Impedance) is a new functional imaging technology, which comes into being as a new functional imaging technology. Compared with traditional CT imaging technology, Electrical Impedance Tomography technology has non-invasive, no damage detection, functional imaging, simple structure, easy to use, fast imaging speed, can be measured multiple times, repeated use. Convenient for long-term continuous monitoring and other advantages. The traditional electrical impedance imaging system is designed and implemented according to the working mode of adjacent excitation and adjacent measurement proposed by the University of Sheffield in England. However, the adjacent measurement mode has the defect of phase difference between the measured data under the same excitation. The focus of this study is to design an electrical impedance imaging system for synchronous measurement. The paper mainly focuses on the following three aspects. First, the design of asynchronous measurement EIT system based on PXI FPGA: 1. Based on the original FPGA electrical impedance imaging system in the laboratory, the data acquisition part is improved to a data acquisition card based on PXI bus. The hardware platform of asynchronous measurement EIT system based on PXI FPGA is built, which is composed of tested object, data acquisition system and imaging computer, and debugging. 2. The software program. 3. 3 of the above system is developed by LabVIEW and MATLAB. The static imaging experiments of different size targets are carried out on the water tank of physical experiment, and the image reconstruction is realized by using the graphic reconstruction algorithm. Second, the design of synchronous measurement EIT system based on PXI bus: 1. 1. The hardware platform of synchronous measurement EIT system based on PXI bus is built, which is composed of tested object, excitation source module, switch module, data acquisition module, controller module and upper computer. Using LabVIEW and LabVIEW FPGA software platform, the synchronous measurement EIT system software. 3. 3 has been developed and perfected. Test the system performance. Experimental results show that the performance of the system meets the imaging requirements. 4. 4. The static and dynamic experiments of different target objects are carried out, and the image reconstruction algorithm is used to reconstruct the image. The imaging results of asynchronous measurement and synchronous measurement are compared. Third, the lung respiratory process image reconstruction of EIT system based on PXI bus. The most important thing to apply EIT system to the imaging of human breathing process is to modify the electrode. The paper contrasts and selects silver / silver chloride electrocardiogram electrode which is commonly used in the market. The impedance characteristic of the selected electrode is tested by impedance analyzer. The test results show that the characteristics meet the requirements of impedance measurement. 2. The electrical impedance image of human lung respiration process is reconstructed, and the imaging results reflect the electrical impedance changes of human lung respiration process. The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the realization of a new electrical impedance tomography system for synchronous measurement, which overcomes the measurement error caused by asynchronous measurement of phase difference and obtains satisfactory imaging results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP391.41
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