本文選題：DEM + 數(shù)字水印��； 參考：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：數(shù)字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)是地理空間數(shù)據(jù)的重要組成部分,已被廣泛應(yīng)用于測(cè)繪、地質(zhì)、礦山工程、戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)仿真等領(lǐng)域。然而,DEM的數(shù)字化形式為地形模擬分析帶來(lái)便利的同時(shí),因其易于存儲(chǔ)、修改、傳播的特性,使其篡改、侵權(quán)更加容易,由此產(chǎn)生的DEM版權(quán)糾紛問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重。因此,如何使DEM數(shù)據(jù)得到合理共享的同時(shí),又能有效保護(hù)所有者的版權(quán)利益,已成為一個(gè)迫在眉睫的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題。目前,數(shù)字水印技術(shù)已成為地理空間數(shù)據(jù)版權(quán)保護(hù)的重要手段,為DEM版權(quán)保護(hù)研究提供了可行的技術(shù)途徑。本論文根據(jù)DEM的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),結(jié)合其數(shù)字水印算法的特征和應(yīng)用要求,分別對(duì)規(guī)則格網(wǎng)和不規(guī)則三角網(wǎng)兩種類(lèi)型DEM數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)字水印算法進(jìn)行了分析研究。主要研究成果總結(jié)如下:(1)對(duì)DEM數(shù)字水印特征及要求進(jìn)行了分析研究�？偨Y(jié)了目前DEM數(shù)字水印算法的研究現(xiàn)狀,分別介紹了規(guī)則格網(wǎng)和不規(guī)則三角網(wǎng)兩種類(lèi)型DEM的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)與水印算法特性。分析了兩種類(lèi)型DEM數(shù)據(jù)最常遭受的水印攻擊方式和數(shù)據(jù)處理方式,結(jié)合地形因子特征、數(shù)據(jù)誤差與應(yīng)用誤差要求,對(duì)兩種類(lèi)型DEM數(shù)字水印算法的技術(shù)要求進(jìn)行了研究總結(jié),為DEM數(shù)字水印算法構(gòu)建提供了理論基礎(chǔ)與目標(biāo)。(2)提出了一種抗高程平移和裁剪攻擊的規(guī)則格網(wǎng)DEM盲水印算法。分析規(guī)則格網(wǎng)DEM最常遭受的水印攻擊方式,結(jié)合其數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),算法對(duì)原始水印信息進(jìn)行擴(kuò)頻處理,使其與高程差值形成映射關(guān)系。利用相鄰格網(wǎng)的高程差值在高程平移攻擊中的不變特性,以量化方式將擴(kuò)頻后水印按位嵌入到高程差值中,然后將擴(kuò)張的差值分?jǐn)偟较噜徃叱痰暮笠晃�。�?shí)驗(yàn)分析結(jié)果表明:該水印算法具有良好的不可見(jiàn)性,對(duì)DEM數(shù)據(jù)精度和應(yīng)用精度影響較小,對(duì)抵抗高程平移和裁剪攻擊具有良好的魯棒性。(3)提出了一種運(yùn)用特征點(diǎn)的不規(guī)則三角網(wǎng)DEM盲水印算法。分析不規(guī)則三角網(wǎng)DEM數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)特性,針對(duì)其最常遭受的簡(jiǎn)化攻擊和裁剪攻擊兩種水印攻擊類(lèi)型,結(jié)合地形因子特征,利用不規(guī)則三角網(wǎng)DEM抽稀技術(shù)提取特征三角網(wǎng)節(jié)點(diǎn),以特征三角網(wǎng)節(jié)點(diǎn)作為水印信息嵌入載體。對(duì)節(jié)點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行放大處理,取有效位作為水印映射載體,根據(jù)誤差控制原則,通過(guò)量化的方式將水印嵌入到合適的坐標(biāo)位中。提取水印時(shí)采用投票原則,無(wú)需原始數(shù)據(jù)參與。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析表明,該水印算法對(duì)DEM數(shù)據(jù)精度和應(yīng)用精度影響較小,具有良好的不可見(jiàn)性,對(duì)抵抗簡(jiǎn)化攻擊和裁剪攻擊具有很好的魯棒性,誤差可控,并且保證了以較少的嵌入誤差代價(jià)實(shí)現(xiàn)水印的嵌入和良好的魯棒性。
[Abstract]:Digital elevation Elevation Model (DEM) is an important part of geospatial data, which has been widely used in surveying, geology, mine engineering, battlefield simulation and other fields. However, the digital form of Dem brings convenience for terrain simulation analysis, because of its easy to store, modify, spread, make it easier to tamper, infringement, the resulting DEM copyright dispute is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, how to share DEM data reasonably while effectively protecting the copyright interests of the owner has become an urgent and realistic problem. At present, digital watermarking technology has become an important means of geospatial data copyright protection, which provides a feasible technical approach for the research of DEM copyright protection. According to the characteristics of DEM data structure and the characteristics and application requirements of its digital watermarking algorithm, this paper analyzes and studies the digital watermarking algorithms for two types of DEM data, regular grid and irregular triangular network, respectively. The main research results are summarized as follows: (1) the characteristics and requirements of DEM digital watermarking are analyzed and studied. This paper summarizes the current research status of DEM digital watermarking algorithm, and introduces the data structure and watermarking algorithm of two types of DEM, regular grid and irregular triangular network, respectively. Two kinds of DEM data are analyzed, which are most often attacked by watermark and data processing methods. Combined with terrain factor characteristics, data error and application error requirements, the technical requirements of two types of DEM digital watermarking algorithm are studied and summarized. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the construction of DEM digital watermarking algorithm and proposes a rule-based DEM blind watermarking algorithm against height translation and clipping attacks. Based on the analysis of the most common watermarking attacks on regular grid DEM and the characteristics of its data structure, the algorithm performs spread spectrum processing of the original watermark information to form a mapping relationship with the elevation difference. Using the invariant property of the elevation difference of the adjacent grid in the height translation attack, the spread spectrum watermark is embedded into the elevation difference bit by bit in a quantized way, and then the expanded difference value is distributed to the next bit of the adjacent elevation. The experimental results show that the watermarking algorithm has good invisibility and has little effect on the accuracy of DEM data and its application. This paper presents a DEM blind watermarking algorithm using feature points to resist height translation and clipping attacks. This paper analyzes the characteristics of DEM data structure in irregular triangulation network, aiming at the two kinds of watermark attack types, namely simplification attack and clipping attack, and combining with terrain factor feature, the feature triangulation node is extracted by irregular triangulation DEM thinning technique. The feature triangulation node is used as the embedding carrier of watermark information. The node coordinate is amplified and the effective bit is taken as the watermark mapping carrier. According to the error control principle, the watermark is embedded into the appropriate coordinate bit by quantization. When extracting the watermark, the voting principle is adopted, without the participation of the original data. The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking algorithm has little influence on the precision of DEM data and its application accuracy, and has good invisibility, good robustness against the simplified attack and clipping attack, and the error can be controlled. At the same time, the watermark embedding and good robustness are guaranteed at the cost of less embedding error.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP309.7;P208

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