紅外探測(cè)系統(tǒng)數(shù)字域TDI關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究
本文選題:數(shù)字域TDI + 紅外成像。 參考:《中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海技術(shù)物理研究所)》2017年博士論文
【摘要】:紅外數(shù)字域時(shí)間延遲積分(TDI)探測(cè)器是近年來(lái)出現(xiàn)的一種新型的探測(cè)器。該探測(cè)器以第三代紅外焦平面探測(cè)器為基礎(chǔ),將探測(cè)器光敏元產(chǎn)生的信號(hào)先經(jīng)過(guò)模-數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換,然后再進(jìn)行時(shí)間延遲累加,通過(guò)增加曝光積分時(shí)間的方式有效提高紅外目標(biāo)探測(cè)靈敏度。采用數(shù)字域時(shí)間延遲積分技術(shù)的紅外探測(cè)系統(tǒng),積分方式更加靈活,在天基弱小目標(biāo)探測(cè)方面具有非常重要的應(yīng)用。由于紅外數(shù)字域TDI探測(cè)采用數(shù)字域時(shí)間延遲積分技術(shù),使其在系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和信息處理等許多方面與傳統(tǒng)的紅外TDI探測(cè)有明顯的不同。本文開(kāi)展了數(shù)字域TDI探測(cè)器的特性研究和弱小目標(biāo)探測(cè)領(lǐng)域的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究工作,并以國(guó)產(chǎn)紅外數(shù)字域640×8TDI探測(cè)器為核心搭建了紅外數(shù)字域TDI探測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),驗(yàn)證了理論分析正確性及探測(cè)方法的可行性。論文系統(tǒng)介紹了紅外TDI探測(cè)器的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究及空間應(yīng)用狀況,建立了紅外數(shù)字域TDI弱小目標(biāo)探測(cè)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,詳細(xì)分析了非均勻性、盲元及速度失配對(duì)弱小目標(biāo)探測(cè)的影響,重點(diǎn)研究了TDI探測(cè)器的盲元檢測(cè)與補(bǔ)償方法以及非均勻性校正技術(shù)。論文著重研究了紅外數(shù)字域TDI弱小目標(biāo)檢測(cè)時(shí)的速度失配問(wèn)題,提出了一種速度失配率的檢測(cè)方法,并探討了在存在速度失配情形下實(shí)現(xiàn)弱小紅外目標(biāo)探測(cè)的可能性。論文通過(guò)理論分析,得到了數(shù)字域TDI成像系統(tǒng)的信噪比提高與積分級(jí)數(shù)的關(guān)系。論文提出了一種采用幀間交錯(cuò)補(bǔ)償方式進(jìn)行探測(cè)器盲元補(bǔ)償?shù)姆椒。論文建立了?shù)字域TDI探測(cè)器的速度失配模型和過(guò)采樣模型,指出了速度失配的本質(zhì),給出了速度失配的極限條件,針對(duì)全局曝光TDI探測(cè)器在應(yīng)用中根據(jù)幀間成像關(guān)系和速度失配條件提出了計(jì)算TDI的概念。論文還給出了數(shù)字域TDI系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試結(jié)果。論文主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下:(1)盲元檢測(cè)過(guò)程中同樣采用行列分別檢測(cè)的方法進(jìn)行探測(cè)系統(tǒng)的盲元檢測(cè),補(bǔ)償過(guò)程中利用探測(cè)系統(tǒng)掃描成像特性,采用幀間交錯(cuò)補(bǔ)償使盲元獲得其瞬時(shí)視場(chǎng)內(nèi)的真實(shí)響應(yīng)。(2)給出了一種基于幀間匹配的速度失配量檢測(cè)方法。利用該檢測(cè)方法可以獲得速度失配率,通過(guò)設(shè)置合適的數(shù)字域TDI積分級(jí)數(shù),可以實(shí)現(xiàn)一定速度失配情況下的弱小目標(biāo)檢測(cè)。論文研究結(jié)果對(duì)紅外數(shù)字域TDI探測(cè)器及其在紅外高分辨率成像和天基弱小目標(biāo)探測(cè)系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用具有重要的理論指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Infrared digital domain time delay integrator (TDI) detector is a new type of detector in recent years. The detector is based on the third generation infrared focal plane detector. The signal generated by the detector Guang Min is first converted by A / D, and then the time delay is accumulated. The sensitivity of infrared target detection is improved by increasing the exposure integral time. The infrared detection system using digital domain time delay integral technique is more flexible and has a very important application in the detection of space-based small and weak targets. Due to the use of digital domain time delay integral technique in infrared digital domain TDI detection, it is obviously different from traditional infrared TDI detection in many aspects such as system design and information processing. In this paper, the characteristics of TDI detectors in digital domain and the key technologies in the field of small and weak target detection are studied. The experimental system of TDI detection in infrared digital domain is built with 640 脳 8TDI detectors in domestic digital domain as the core. The correctness of the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the detection method are verified. This paper systematically introduces the domestic and international research and space application of infrared TDI detector, establishes the mathematical model of infrared digital domain TDI dim target detection, and analyzes in detail the influence of nonuniformity, blind element and velocity mismatch on small and weak target detection. The blind element detection and compensation method of TDI detector and the nonuniformity correction technique are studied in detail. In this paper, the problem of velocity mismatch in TDI dim target detection in infrared digital domain is studied, and a detection method of velocity mismatch rate is proposed, and the possibility of small infrared target detection in the presence of velocity mismatch is discussed. Through theoretical analysis, the relationship between the improvement of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and integral series of digital TDI imaging system is obtained. In this paper, a method of blind detector compensation based on interframe interleaving compensation is proposed. In this paper, the velocity mismatch model and over-sampling model of digital domain TDI detector are established, the essence of velocity mismatch is pointed out, and the limit condition of velocity mismatch is given. In this paper, the concept of calculating TDI is proposed according to the imaging relationship between frames and the velocity mismatch condition in the application of the global exposure TDI detector. The experimental results of TDI system in digital domain are also presented in this paper. The main innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) in the process of blind element detection, the method of column and column detection is also used to detect the blind element of the detection system, and the scanning imaging characteristics of the detection system are used in the compensation process. A speed mismatch detection method based on inter-frame matching is presented for blind elements to obtain the real response in their instantaneous field of view by using interframe interleaved compensation. The velocity mismatch rate can be obtained by using this detection method, and the small and weak target detection can be realized under certain velocity mismatch by setting appropriate TDI integral series in digital domain. The results of this paper have important theoretical significance for infrared digital domain TDI detectors and their applications in infrared high-resolution imaging and space-based dim target detection systems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海技術(shù)物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:TN215;TP391.41
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