發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-15 16:51

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,人們對(duì)蓄電池的依賴(lài)程度越來(lái)越高。一方面電力系統(tǒng)要求的不間斷供電,使蓄電池作為備用電源給設(shè)備供電,起到“削峰填谷”的作用；另一方面“十三五”規(guī)劃中提出,實(shí)施新能源汽車(chē)推廣計(jì)劃,提高電動(dòng)車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平。電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的發(fā)展離不開(kāi)蓄電池,蓄電池的充放電效率和壽命是制約電池儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)和電動(dòng)汽車(chē)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素之一,但國(guó)內(nèi)外研究主要集中于蓄電池的建模、電壓電流的測(cè)試以及修復(fù),對(duì)電池的充放電效率和壽命的研究較少。本文以鉛酸蓄電池的充放電效率和壽命為研究對(duì)象,設(shè)計(jì)了一套充放電效率測(cè)試系統(tǒng)。在此平臺(tái)上,測(cè)試鉛酸蓄電池在不同充放電策略下的充放電效率和壽命,通過(guò)分析測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù),得出提高充放電效率和壽命的控制策略。本文主要工作可以總結(jié)為以下四個(gè)方面：(1)鉛酸蓄電池電化學(xué)原理和基本參數(shù)的分析根據(jù)鉛酸蓄電池的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),著重分析了其在充電和放電過(guò)程中的電化學(xué)原理,研究了不同充放電的控制方式及其對(duì)蓄電池充放電效率和壽命等參數(shù)的影響,最后詳細(xì)介紹了蓄電池充放電效率和壽命的測(cè)試方法。(2)充放電效率測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)該系統(tǒng)以型號(hào)為T(mén)MS320F28335的DSP芯片為控制核心,主要由硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)和軟件程序編寫(xiě)兩部分組成。其中,硬件設(shè)計(jì)主要分為充放電單元、檢測(cè)單元、驅(qū)動(dòng)單元以及輔助電源的設(shè)計(jì)；軟件部分包括主程序設(shè)計(jì)、充放電控制程序設(shè)計(jì)以及通訊程序設(shè)計(jì)。它能夠?qū)Τ浞烹婋妷弘娏鞯脑O(shè)置,顯示蓄電池端電壓、電流、容量以及電量,并通過(guò)RS485通訊將數(shù)據(jù)上傳至上位機(jī),方便數(shù)據(jù)的管理和分析,實(shí)現(xiàn)了蓄電池充放電效率的測(cè)試。最后通過(guò)對(duì)牽引用(電動(dòng)車(chē)專(zhuān)用)12V36Ah鉛酸蓄電池進(jìn)行測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了該系統(tǒng)的可行性。(3)充放電控制策略對(duì)蓄電池效率影響的分析以牽引用(電動(dòng)車(chē)專(zhuān)用)12V120Ah鉛酸蓄電池為測(cè)試對(duì)象,通過(guò)充放電電流為5.2A、12A、20A和40A的測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn),得到不同充放電電流下的充放電效率,通過(guò)分析測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn),20A充放電時(shí)電池的充放電效率達(dá)到最大為86%。在MATLAB中對(duì)20A充放電策略下的電壓及電流數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行擬合,得到擬合函數(shù)。通過(guò)控制充放電電壓和電流按照該擬合函數(shù)變化,就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)充放電效率最大化。(4)充放電控制策略對(duì)蓄電池壽命的影響分析對(duì)電池進(jìn)行循環(huán)壽命測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn),根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析不同充放電電壓和放電深度對(duì)電池壽命的影響。著重分析了20A放電電流下蓄電池壽命,對(duì)蓄電池進(jìn)行300次的壽命測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn),每10次進(jìn)行一次容量測(cè)試,得到蓄電池容量保持率的變化曲線(xiàn)。發(fā)現(xiàn)電池在20次循環(huán)時(shí)開(kāi)始進(jìn)入穩(wěn)定期,250次循環(huán)后容量開(kāi)始急劇衰減,得到蓄電池壽命的衰退速率是先增大后減小再增大的結(jié)論。并根據(jù)上述分析結(jié)果設(shè)計(jì)了電動(dòng)教練車(chē)的蓄電池壽命測(cè)試方案。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, people rely more and more on batteries. On the one hand, the uninterrupted power supply required by the power system makes the battery supply power to the equipment as a standby power supply, which plays the role of "peak cutting and valley filling"; On the other hand, the 13th five-year Plan puts forward that the promotion plan of new energy vehicles should be implemented to improve the industrialization level of electric vehicles. The development of electric vehicle can not be separated from battery. The charging and discharging efficiency and life of battery are one of the key factors that restrict the development of battery energy storage technology and electric vehicle, but the research at home and abroad mainly focuses on the modeling of battery. The charge and discharge efficiency and life of the battery are less studied in the test and repair of voltage and current. In this paper, a charge-discharge efficiency test system for lead-acid battery is designed, which takes the charge-discharge efficiency and life of lead-acid battery as the research object. On this platform, the charge-discharge efficiency and life of lead-acid battery under different charge-discharge strategies are tested, and the control strategy to improve the charge-discharge efficiency and life is obtained by analyzing the test data. The main work of this paper can be summarized as follows: (1) the electrochemical principle and basic parameters of lead-acid battery are analyzed according to the internal structure of lead-acid battery. The effects of different charge and discharge control methods on the charge and discharge efficiency and life of the battery were studied. Finally, the test method of battery charge and discharge efficiency and life is introduced in detail. (2) the design of charge and discharge efficiency test system is based on DSP chip of model TMS320F28335. It is mainly composed of hardware circuit design and software programming. Among them, the hardware design is mainly divided into charge and discharge unit, detection unit, driving unit and auxiliary power supply design; the software part includes the main program design, charge and discharge control program design and communication program design. It can set the charge and discharge voltage and current, display the battery terminal voltage, current, capacity and electric quantity, and upload the data to the upper computer through RS485 communication, which is convenient for the management and analysis of the data, and realizes the test of battery charge and discharge efficiency. Finally, through the test experiment of 12V36Ah lead-acid battery, The feasibility of the system is verified. (3) the influence of charge-discharge control strategy on battery efficiency is analyzed. 12V120Ah lead-acid battery for traction (electric vehicle) is taken as the test object, and the charge-discharge current is 5.2 A, 12A. The charge-discharge efficiency of 20A and 40A is obtained under different charge-discharge currents. Through the analysis of the test data, it is found that the maximum charge-discharge efficiency of 20A battery is 86%. The voltage and current data of 20A charge-discharge strategy are fitted in MATLAB, and the fitting function is obtained. By controlling the change of charge and discharge voltage and current according to the fitting function, the charge and discharge efficiency can be maximized. (4) the influence of charge and discharge control strategy on battery life is analyzed and the cycle life test of battery is carried out. The effects of different charge-discharge voltage and discharge depth on battery life were analyzed according to the experimental data. The battery life under 20A discharge current is analyzed emphatically. the battery life test is carried out 300 times, and the capacity test is carried out every 10 times, and the change curve of battery capacity retention rate is obtained. It is found that the battery begins to enter the stable stage at 20 cycles, and the capacity begins to decline sharply after 250 cycles. It is concluded that the decay rate of battery life increases at first and then decreases and then increases. According to the above analysis results, the battery life test scheme of electric coach is designed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM912;U469.72

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