【摘要】：噪聲是汽車NVH研究的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),目前國(guó)內(nèi)外絕大多數(shù)有關(guān)噪聲的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或準(zhǔn)則都是以A計(jì)權(quán)聲壓級(jí)為基礎(chǔ)制定的。電動(dòng)汽車車內(nèi)噪聲值比傳統(tǒng)內(nèi)燃機(jī)汽車的噪聲值小很多,傳統(tǒng)方法以A計(jì)權(quán)聲壓級(jí)作為評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已逐漸不能滿足電動(dòng)汽車的研究,使用以主觀評(píng)價(jià)為基礎(chǔ)的聲品質(zhì)對(duì)噪聲分析評(píng)價(jià)為電動(dòng)汽車噪聲研究提供一個(gè)新的途徑。本文通過(guò)對(duì)心理聲學(xué)客觀參量的計(jì)算以及主觀評(píng)價(jià)試驗(yàn)對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車噪聲聲品質(zhì)進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),并建立了聲品質(zhì)主觀評(píng)價(jià)模型,對(duì)聲品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)有一定的指導(dǎo)作用,同時(shí)也為聲品質(zhì)建模提供一種準(zhǔn)確實(shí)用的新思路。主要工作如下：論文首先從人耳聽(tīng)覺(jué)特性出發(fā),介紹了響度、尖銳度、粗糙度和波動(dòng)度的算法,以Zwicker響度為基礎(chǔ),使用Matlab對(duì)上述參量進(jìn)行程序?qū)崿F(xiàn),并驗(yàn)證計(jì)算程序的準(zhǔn)確性。通過(guò)對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車進(jìn)行實(shí)車試驗(yàn),獲取典型工況下能代表電動(dòng)汽車車內(nèi)噪聲的噪聲信號(hào),計(jì)算得到各客觀參量值并對(duì)車內(nèi)噪聲進(jìn)行對(duì)比和評(píng)價(jià)。通過(guò)對(duì)所采集的車內(nèi)噪聲樣品進(jìn)行主觀評(píng)價(jià)試驗(yàn),對(duì)測(cè)評(píng)結(jié)果進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)檢驗(yàn),得到人對(duì)噪聲樣品的主觀評(píng)價(jià),并將主觀感受數(shù)值化,從數(shù)值上描述噪聲優(yōu)劣。最后通過(guò)多元回歸分析建立多元回歸模型一,將客觀參量進(jìn)行變換后再進(jìn)行建模得到模型二和模型三,各模型均通過(guò)了顯著性檢驗(yàn)。經(jīng)對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn),模型三更精準(zhǔn),由此驗(yàn)證了改進(jìn)方法的合理性和可行性。
[Abstract]:Noise is a focal point in the research of automobile NVH. At present, most of the noise standards or criteria at home and abroad are formulated on the basis of A-weighted sound pressure level. The internal noise value of electric vehicle is much smaller than that of traditional internal combustion engine vehicle. The traditional method can not satisfy the research of electric vehicle by using the A-weight sound pressure level as the evaluation standard. Noise analysis and evaluation based on subjective evaluation of acoustic quality provides a new way to study the noise of electric vehicles. In this paper, the objective parameters of psychoacoustics and subjective evaluation tests are used to evaluate the noise sound quality of electric vehicles, and a subjective evaluation model of sound quality is established, which can guide the evaluation of sound quality to a certain extent. At the same time, it also provides an accurate and practical new idea for sound quality modeling. The main work is as follows: firstly, this paper introduces the algorithms of loudness, sharpness, roughness and volatility based on the auditory characteristics of human ears. Based on the Zwicker loudness, the above parameters are programmed with Matlab, and the accuracy of the calculation program is verified. Through the real vehicle test of electric vehicle, the noise signal which can represent the internal noise of electric vehicle under typical working conditions is obtained, the objective parameter values are calculated, and the internal noise of electric vehicle is compared and evaluated. Through the subjective evaluation test of the noise samples collected in the vehicle, the results of the evaluation are tested, and the subjective evaluation of the noise samples is obtained, and the subjective feeling is numerically valued to describe the advantages and disadvantages of the noise numerically. Finally, the multiple regression model one is established by multiple regression analysis, then the objective parameters are transformed and then the model two and model three are established. All the models have passed the significance test. The comparison shows that the third model is more accurate, which verifies the rationality and feasibility of the improved method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U469.72;U467.493

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